{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033040789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5373817","title":"Order and Chaos in a Prey-Predator Model Incorporating Refuge, Disease, and Harvesting","display_name":"Order and Chaos in a Prey-Predator Model Incorporating Refuge, Disease, and Harvesting","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033040789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5373817","mag":"3033040789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/5373817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5373817","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2020/5373817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2020/5373817.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043444825","display_name":"Dahlia Khaled Bahlool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-0620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahlia Khaled Bahlool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070168007","display_name":"Huda Abdul Satar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huda Abdul Satar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6626-2108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089291967","display_name":"Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-8416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiba Abdullah Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070168007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"apc_paid":{"value":1025,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1025},"fwci":0.5394,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71105627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10288","display_name":"Fractional Differential Equations Solutions","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.7890679836273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-response","display_name":"Functional response","score":0.7647910714149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6689324378967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaotic","display_name":"Chaotic","score":0.6195340156555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predation","display_name":"Predation","score":0.6019996404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.5854981541633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bifurcation","display_name":"Bifurcation","score":0.5677198767662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5195279717445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5151585340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.503055989742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.43450817465782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predator","display_name":"Predator","score":0.4200811982154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-theorem","display_name":"Comparison theorem","score":0.4146229326725006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.2293895184993744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.19347068667411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1805216372013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.17348265647888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06234729290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.05886101722717285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.7890679836273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110201527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508845","display_name":"Functional response","level":4,"score":0.7647910714149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6689324378967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777052490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072826","display_name":"Chaotic","level":2,"score":0.6195340156555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.6019996404647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5854981541633606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4904824","display_name":"Bifurcation","level":3,"score":0.5677198767662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5195279717445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5151585340499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.503055989742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43450817465782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96857902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138108","display_name":"Predator","level":3,"score":0.4200811982154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779396167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156040","display_name":"Comparison theorem","level":2,"score":0.4146229326725006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.2293895184993744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.19347068667411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1805216372013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17348265647888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06234729290008545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.05886101722717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/5373817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5373817","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2020/5373817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:jnljam:5373817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/JAM/2020/5373817.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7fd54c56a42947c6a37f8a7fca95a38c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7fd54c56a42947c6a37f8a7fca95a38c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/5373817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5373817","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2020/5373817.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033040789.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033040789.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604213221","https://openalex.org/W1981934391","https://openalex.org/W1983173496","https://openalex.org/W1997297480","https://openalex.org/W2004728046","https://openalex.org/W2007190506","https://openalex.org/W2019826074","https://openalex.org/W2022666585","https://openalex.org/W2025721630","https://openalex.org/W2036590989","https://openalex.org/W2064233192","https://openalex.org/W2131915744","https://openalex.org/W2148301044","https://openalex.org/W2165654051","https://openalex.org/W2187651520","https://openalex.org/W2474031850","https://openalex.org/W2605308502","https://openalex.org/W2606616715","https://openalex.org/W2884480770","https://openalex.org/W2907542353","https://openalex.org/W2935221474","https://openalex.org/W2968958517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061879675","https://openalex.org/W4233887507","https://openalex.org/W2084621533","https://openalex.org/W2077303587","https://openalex.org/W2059261737","https://openalex.org/W2054969521","https://openalex.org/W3033051025","https://openalex.org/W3194003107","https://openalex.org/W2039016328","https://openalex.org/W2073664375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,8,44,122],"mathematical":[4],"model":[5,69],"consisting":[6],"of":[7,54,67,80,90,111],"prey-predator":[9],"system":[10,82,120],"incorporating":[11],"infectious":[12],"disease":[13],"in":[14,57,88],"the":[15,26,30,36,48,55,68,81,91,104,109,113,119],"prey":[16,32],"has":[17,99,121],"been":[18,100],"proposed":[19],"and":[20,52,107],"analyzed.":[21],"It":[22,115],"is":[23,43,75,94,116],"assumed":[24],"that":[25,118],"predator":[27],"preys":[28],"upon":[29],"nonrefugees":[31],"only":[33],"according":[34],"to":[35,59,102],"modified":[37],"Holling":[38],"type-II":[39],"functional":[40],"response.":[41],"There":[42],"harvesting":[45],"process":[46],"from":[47],"predator.":[49],"The":[50,64,77],"existence":[51],"uniqueness":[53],"solution":[56],"addition":[58],"their":[60],"bounded":[61],"are":[62,83],"discussed.":[63],"stability":[65],"analysis":[66,87],"around":[70],"all":[71],"possible":[72],"equilibrium":[73],"points":[74],"investigated.":[76],"persistence":[78],"conditions":[79],"established.":[84],"Local":[85],"bifurcation":[86],"view":[89],"Sotomayor":[92],"theorem":[93],"carried":[95],"out.":[96],"Numerical":[97],"simulation":[98],"applied":[101],"investigate":[103],"global":[105],"dynamics":[106],"specify":[108],"effect":[110],"varying":[112],"parameters.":[114],"observed":[117],"chaotic":[123],"dynamics.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}