{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024647486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3189601","title":"Cryptographic Strength Evaluation of Key Schedule Algorithms","display_name":"Cryptographic Strength Evaluation of Key Schedule Algorithms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024647486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3189601","mag":"3024647486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/3189601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3189601","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/3189601.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/3189601.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110774250","display_name":"Shazia Afzal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shazia Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031248979","display_name":"Muhammad Yousaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-9529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195024194","display_name":"Riphah International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kdm5630","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Yousaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Riphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Riphah Institute of Systems Engineering, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195024194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017834991","display_name":"Humaira Afzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9054-8798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humaira Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085494668","display_name":"Nawaf Alharbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-420X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nawaf Alharbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Community, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Community, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028897381","display_name":"Muhammad Rafiq Mufti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-5510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rafiq Mufti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028897381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":3.0513,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92867784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8408812284469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-schedule","display_name":"Key schedule","score":0.7093523144721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6549503207206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.654064416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6190968751907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.569980263710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.5458437204360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5278722643852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.39151522517204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33015498518943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.17203554511070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","score":0.11580818891525269}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8408812284469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112145980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2569509","display_name":"Key schedule","level":5,"score":0.7093523144721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6549503207206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.654064416885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6190968751907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.569980263710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.5458437204360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5278722643852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.39151522517204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33015498518943787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17203554511070251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36123800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224471","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.11580818891525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/3189601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3189601","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/3189601.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c2e5fb7357e8442189e7b7e8d4ca65af","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c2e5fb7357e8442189e7b7e8d4ca65af","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/3189601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3189601","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2020/3189601.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024647486.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024647486.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79095404","https://openalex.org/W89245623","https://openalex.org/W178864917","https://openalex.org/W1502608166","https://openalex.org/W1535753181","https://openalex.org/W1546907539","https://openalex.org/W1556597491","https://openalex.org/W1574552124","https://openalex.org/W1574936599","https://openalex.org/W1597699498","https://openalex.org/W1602770742","https://openalex.org/W1608613499","https://openalex.org/W1765803531","https://openalex.org/W1768104815","https://openalex.org/W1890290077","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1985969574","https://openalex.org/W2020130476","https://openalex.org/W2025905409","https://openalex.org/W2050244992","https://openalex.org/W2156414295","https://openalex.org/W2327763111","https://openalex.org/W2594248124","https://openalex.org/W2625305202","https://openalex.org/W2725380599","https://openalex.org/W2734554659","https://openalex.org/W2899732343","https://openalex.org/W2909407144","https://openalex.org/W2912299033","https://openalex.org/W2938541128","https://openalex.org/W2955017137","https://openalex.org/W4255672330","https://openalex.org/W6634039535","https://openalex.org/W6635904905","https://openalex.org/W6683276407","https://openalex.org/W6740398225"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964609758","https://openalex.org/W2807501579","https://openalex.org/W3011345142","https://openalex.org/W2134038088","https://openalex.org/W2156908834","https://openalex.org/W1920865994","https://openalex.org/W2585018408","https://openalex.org/W1596892067","https://openalex.org/W1565705707","https://openalex.org/W2147941069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Key":[0],"schedule":[1,45,78,121,134,154],"algorithms":[2,23,46,135],"play":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,58,114],"modern":[8],"encryption":[9,22,37,61],"algorithms,":[10],"and":[11,90,112,152],"their":[12],"security":[13,19],"is":[14,68],"as":[15,17,108],"crucial":[16],"the":[18,21,31,36,43,55,59,72,76,104,115,119,132,144],"of":[20,35,42,75,85,94,131,136],"themselves.":[24],"Many":[25],"studies":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28,127],"performed":[29],"on":[30],"cryptographic":[32,73,105],"strength":[33,40,74],"evaluation":[34,41],"algorithms;":[38],"however,":[39],"key":[44,77,120,133],"often":[47],"obtains":[48],"less":[49],"attention":[50],"that":[51,143],"can":[52,147],"lead":[53],"towards":[54],"possible":[56],"loophole":[57],"overall":[60],"process.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"a":[66,91],"criterion":[67,81,125,146],"proposed":[69,124,145],"to":[70,102,129],"evaluate":[71],"algorithms.":[79,155],"This":[80],"includes":[82],"different":[83,137],"methods":[84],"data":[86],"generation":[87],"from":[88],"subkeys":[89,116],"suitable":[92],"set":[93],"statistical":[95,98],"tests.":[96],"The":[97,123,140],"tests":[99],"are":[100],"used":[101],"explore":[103],"properties":[106],"such":[107],"diffusion,":[109],"confusion,":[110],"independence,":[111],"randomness":[113],"generated":[117],"by":[118],"algorithm.":[122],"has":[126],"applied":[128],"some":[130],"block":[138],"ciphers.":[139],"results":[141],"confirm":[142],"effectively":[148],"differentiate":[149],"between":[150],"strong-":[151],"weak-key":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T08:55:55.761014","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}