{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006428537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2871835","title":"A Methodology for Classifying Search Operators as Intensification or Diversification Heuristics","display_name":"A Methodology for Classifying Search Operators as Intensification or Diversification Heuristics","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006428537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2871835","mag":"3006428537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/2871835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2871835","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/2871835.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/2871835.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088086274","display_name":"Jorge A. Soria-Alcaraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129858807","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge A. Soria-Alcaraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organizational Studies, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organizational Studies, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090624529","display_name":"Gabriela Ochoa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Ochoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stirling, Stirling, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stirling, Stirling, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079178706","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Espinal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-3210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129858807","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres Espinal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organizational Studies, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organizational Studies, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010207553","display_name":"Marco Aurelio Sotelo-Figueroa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-0138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129858807","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco A. Sotelo-Figueroa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Organizational Studies, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Organizational Studies, University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076393846","display_name":"Manuel Ornelas-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128463","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02zmh8h66","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128463"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Ornelas-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional De M\u00e9xico, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional De M\u00e9xico, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049250191","display_name":"Horacio Rostro\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7530-9027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129858807","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horacio Rostro-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36885, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088086274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129858807"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.7228,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76288529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8862509727478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterated-local-search","display_name":"Iterated local search","score":0.7962366342544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6896692514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6023247838020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5778364539146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4761897623538971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.4759754240512848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incremental-heuristic-search","display_name":"Incremental heuristic search","score":0.4576849043369293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversification","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","score":0.4461134076118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.44578444957733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4136214852333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.4118783175945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37951603531837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.3643774688243866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3549392819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.30722182989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2074565589427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1690765619277954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8862509727478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124145224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094397","display_name":"Iterated local search","level":3,"score":0.7962366342544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6896692514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6023247838020325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5778364539146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4761897623538971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.4759754240512848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139979381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056021","display_name":"Incremental heuristic search","level":4,"score":0.4576849043369293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4461134076118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.44578444957733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4136214852333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4118783175945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37951603531837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.3643774688243866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3549392819404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.30722182989120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2074565589427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1690765619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/2871835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2871835","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/2871835.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:2871835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2020/2871835.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:843f95bdfb474396a3a8df378f5e2408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/843f95bdfb474396a3a8df378f5e2408","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/30723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/30723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/2871835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2871835","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2020/2871835.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5890051772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1961","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8698061177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1961","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323606","funder_display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321096","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323606","display_name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","ror":"https://ror.org/058cjye32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006428537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006428537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666763039","https://openalex.org/W1972450409","https://openalex.org/W1977474365","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W1997071828","https://openalex.org/W1997647645","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2039568841","https://openalex.org/W2043325537","https://openalex.org/W2056411465","https://openalex.org/W2072441740","https://openalex.org/W2072909099","https://openalex.org/W2096166399","https://openalex.org/W2147440785","https://openalex.org/W2163962630","https://openalex.org/W2202502706","https://openalex.org/W2342204193","https://openalex.org/W2580414719","https://openalex.org/W2581834059","https://openalex.org/W2755616334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081821176","https://openalex.org/W2358427436","https://openalex.org/W1994919150","https://openalex.org/W4386269615","https://openalex.org/W2064794194","https://openalex.org/W1605835093","https://openalex.org/W2402589461","https://openalex.org/W4200104947","https://openalex.org/W58921990","https://openalex.org/W2794473043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Selection":[0],"hyper-heuristics":[1],"are":[2],"generic":[3],"search":[4,26,76,123],"tools":[5],"that":[6],"dynamically":[7],"choose,":[8],"from":[9,57],"a":[10,79,159],"given":[11],"pool,":[12],"the":[13,25,35,38,49,69,117,133,137,151,155,180],"most":[14],"promising":[15,66],"operator":[16,93],"(low-level":[17],"heuristic)":[18],"to":[19,55,90,108,116,146],"apply":[20],"at":[21],"each":[22],"iteration":[23],"of":[24,30,37,43,48,71,119,136,143],"process.":[27],"The":[28,130],"performance":[29],"these":[31,82],"methods":[32],"depends":[33],"on":[34,99,140],"quality":[36],"heuristic":[39,98],"pool.":[40],"Two":[41],"types":[42],"heuristics":[44,138],"can":[45],"be":[46],"part":[47],"pool:":[50],"diversification":[51,97,126],"heuristics,":[52,62],"which":[53,63],"help":[54],"escape":[56],"local":[58,122],"optima,":[59],"and":[60,127,167],"intensification":[61,95,128],"effectively":[64],"exploit":[65],"regions":[67],"in":[68],"vicinity":[70],"good":[72],"solutions.":[73],"An":[74],"effective":[75],"strategy":[77],"needs":[78],"balance":[80],"between":[81],"two":[83,163],"strategies.":[84],"However,":[85],"it":[86],"is":[87],"not":[88],"straightforward":[89],"categorize":[91],"an":[92,105,120,141],"as":[94],"or":[96,149],"complex":[100],"domains.":[101],"Therefore,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"automated":[106],"methodology":[107,131],"do":[109],"this":[110],"classification.":[111],"This":[112],"brings":[113],"methodological":[114],"rigor":[115],"configuration":[118],"iterated":[121],"hyper-heuristic":[124,161],"featuring":[125],"stages.":[129],"considers":[132],"empirical":[134],"ranking":[135],"based":[139],"estimation":[142],"their":[144],"capacity":[145],"either":[147],"diversify":[148],"intensify":[150],"search.":[152],"We":[153],"incorporate":[154],"proposed":[156],"approach":[157],"into":[158],"state-of-the-art":[160],"solving":[162],"domains:":[164],"course":[165,181],"timetabling":[166,182],"vehicle":[168],"routing.":[169],"Our":[170],"results":[171],"indicate":[172],"improved":[173],"performance,":[174],"including":[175],"new":[176],"best-known":[177],"solutions":[178],"for":[179],"problem.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}