{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909636917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7942483","title":"Simulation Research on Safe Flow Rate of Bidirectional Crowds Using Bayesian\u2010Nash Equilibrium","display_name":"Simulation Research on Safe Flow Rate of Bidirectional Crowds Using Bayesian\u2010Nash Equilibrium","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909636917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7942483","mag":"2909636917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/7942483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7942483","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7942483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7942483.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006045917","display_name":"Can Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-507X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Can Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074","Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108650501","display_name":"Kejun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kejun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441408","display_name":"Haixiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4274-3975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haixiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094618","display_name":"Jian Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006045917","https://openalex.org/A5100441408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317","https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.6595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69034857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.9552907943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.9011837244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7145127058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.6322888135910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5584850311279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.42965325713157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3571019172668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.30077505111694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.22265392541885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16759160161018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11842066049575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11252009868621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0921679139137268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.9552907943725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.9011837244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7145127058029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.6322888135910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5584850311279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.42965325713157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3571019172668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.30077505111694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.22265392541885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16759160161018372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11842066049575806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11252009868621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0921679139137268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/7942483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7942483","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7942483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:7942483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2019/7942483.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44c4407431ae4df498f7ff99638c71c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44c4407431ae4df498f7ff99638c71c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/7942483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7942483","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7942483.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1779874917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016CFB503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2895212994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3008264602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15YJA630019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3013023788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3082986766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"212016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3384900254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71874165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3744313044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Social","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G390212204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71573237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4203158027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71473232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167091242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7608752429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Talent","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8388280645","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-13-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G877393814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8786873938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15YJA630019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8839266468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909636917.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909636917.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971702124","https://openalex.org/W1974590219","https://openalex.org/W1975388233","https://openalex.org/W2038257285","https://openalex.org/W2039978868","https://openalex.org/W2054043198","https://openalex.org/W2073104694","https://openalex.org/W2088798922","https://openalex.org/W2091795836","https://openalex.org/W2141929085","https://openalex.org/W2147172012","https://openalex.org/W2180118639","https://openalex.org/W2284650534","https://openalex.org/W2288667506","https://openalex.org/W2312694282","https://openalex.org/W2317615359","https://openalex.org/W2337895322","https://openalex.org/W2385230874","https://openalex.org/W2413174785","https://openalex.org/W2441412848","https://openalex.org/W2465175840","https://openalex.org/W2497165229","https://openalex.org/W2511264812","https://openalex.org/W2531256011","https://openalex.org/W2550467432","https://openalex.org/W2554758365","https://openalex.org/W2555373840","https://openalex.org/W2567064294","https://openalex.org/W2569429845","https://openalex.org/W2570781395","https://openalex.org/W2586265776","https://openalex.org/W2587372674","https://openalex.org/W2594572388","https://openalex.org/W2604108110","https://openalex.org/W2606600006","https://openalex.org/W2726984991","https://openalex.org/W2757974668","https://openalex.org/W2774581514","https://openalex.org/W2789861061","https://openalex.org/W4245652921","https://openalex.org/W6710618215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240200267","https://openalex.org/W1511510665","https://openalex.org/W2154955495","https://openalex.org/W1749168706","https://openalex.org/W606709926","https://openalex.org/W2980347456","https://openalex.org/W1643071209","https://openalex.org/W4299159492","https://openalex.org/W422913495","https://openalex.org/W2148067325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"research":[1,136],"on":[2,8,73],"pedestrian":[3,57,65,89,179],"flows":[4,180],"has":[5,20],"mainly":[6],"focused":[7],"evacuation":[9],"optimization":[10],"during":[11],"or":[12],"after":[13],"emergencies;":[14],"however,":[15],"crowd":[16,169],"management":[17,28],"before":[18],"emergencies":[19,170],"received":[21],"little":[22],"attention.":[23],"This":[24,157],"paper":[25,158],"examines":[26],"the":[27,37,54,56,74,77,80,85,91,97,112,127,138,141,151],"of":[29,82],"a":[30,44,67,70,122,160,174],"Safe":[31,142],"Pedestrian":[32,143],"Flow":[33,144],"Rate,":[34],"in":[35,66,84],"which":[36],"Bayesian\u2010Nash":[38,92],"Equilibrium":[39,93],"mimics":[40],"pedestrians\u2019":[41,51],"decision\u2010making,":[42],"and":[43,79,106,119,171,181],"multiagent":[45],"system":[46],"is":[47,59,117],"employed":[48],"to":[49,76,94],"reproduce":[50],"interactions.":[52],"In":[53],"model,":[55],"tunnel":[58,152],"divided":[60],"into":[61],"cells,":[62],"with":[63,100],"each":[64,88],"cell":[68,99],"receiving":[69],"utility":[71],"depending":[72],"distance":[75],"exit":[78],"number":[81],"pedestrians":[83],"cell.":[86],"Then,":[87],"uses":[90],"search":[95],"for":[96,163,177],"target":[98],"maximum":[101],"expected":[102],"utility,":[103],"moves":[104],"in,":[105],"makes":[107],"next":[108],"decision":[109],"until":[110],"exiting":[111],"tunnel.":[113],"The":[114],"simulation":[115,133],"model":[116],"calibrated":[118],"validated":[120],"from":[121,126,131],"real":[123],"scenario.":[124],"Finally,":[125],"experimental":[128],"data":[129],"collected":[130],"different":[132],"scenarios,":[134],"this":[135],"reaches":[137],"conclusion":[139],"that":[140],"Rate":[145],"increases":[146],"by":[147,155,168],"about":[148],"2.96ped/s":[149],"as":[150],"width":[153],"expanded":[154],"1m.":[156],"offers":[159],"novel":[161],"method":[162],"reducing":[164],"potential":[165],"losses":[166],"caused":[167],"can":[172],"be":[173],"valuable":[175],"reference":[176],"managing":[178],"designing":[182],"public":[183],"places.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}