{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792671280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7293193","title":"Image Evolution Using 2D Power Spectra","display_name":"Image Evolution Using 2D Power Spectra","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792671280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7293193","mag":"2792671280"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/7293193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7293193","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7293193.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7293193.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005221636","display_name":"Michael Gircys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-6616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","display_name":"Brock University","ror":"https://ror.org/056am2717","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gircys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1","Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102915200","display_name":"Brian J. Ross","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-4775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","display_name":"Brock University","ror":"https://ror.org/056am2717","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian J. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1","Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brock University, Department of Computer Science, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102915200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":1.7342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88304255,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7520009875297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6536040306091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6450788378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.6013784408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5181209444999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.45297732949256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4517379403114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4333912134170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4330598711967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41390877962112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39403676986694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1963461935520172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7520009875297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6536040306091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6450788378715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6013784408569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5181209444999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45297732949256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4517379403114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4333912134170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4330598711967468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41390877962112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39403676986694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1963461935520172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/7293193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7293193","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7293193.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:7293193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2019/7293193.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad3cb6e2d317467db2b5941980c04b88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad3cb6e2d317467db2b5941980c04b88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.library.brocku.ca:10464/13336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10464/13336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401333","display_name":"Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186803428","host_organization_name":"Brock University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186803428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/7293193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7293193","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/7293193.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1597412403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3216283581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4913706260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2016-03653","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6221715925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792671280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792671280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584125963","https://openalex.org/W1491845576","https://openalex.org/W1553373771","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1976310317","https://openalex.org/W2004827525","https://openalex.org/W2010814572","https://openalex.org/W2017600612","https://openalex.org/W2033905545","https://openalex.org/W2035033474","https://openalex.org/W2036073771","https://openalex.org/W2043334098","https://openalex.org/W2061163476","https://openalex.org/W2063337437","https://openalex.org/W2068272887","https://openalex.org/W2068886784","https://openalex.org/W2068987110","https://openalex.org/W2073813455","https://openalex.org/W2077101987","https://openalex.org/W2078291675","https://openalex.org/W2086609533","https://openalex.org/W2105159390","https://openalex.org/W2108751004","https://openalex.org/W2115911155","https://openalex.org/W2120723178","https://openalex.org/W2127210248","https://openalex.org/W2135587681","https://openalex.org/W2139196352","https://openalex.org/W2144016834","https://openalex.org/W2170610372","https://openalex.org/W2493566497","https://openalex.org/W2792671280","https://openalex.org/W2996879375","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4300706352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2065055572","https://openalex.org/W2784269775","https://openalex.org/W2952904874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Procedurally":[0],"generated":[1],"images":[2,44,161,211,228],"and":[3,45,50,64,76,109,131,134,154,171,193,200,233],"textures":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"explored":[8],"in":[9,16,35,182,207,258],"evolutionary":[10],"art.":[11,52],"One":[12],"active":[13],"research":[14,93,242],"direction":[15],"the":[17,20,40,71,81,157,174,252],"field":[18],"is":[19,33],"discovery":[21],"of":[22,29,42,62,83,99,159,166,173,191,254],"suitable":[23],"heuristics":[24],"for":[25,59,106,119,142,179],"measuring":[26],"perceived":[27],"characteristics":[28],"evolved":[30,43,227],"images.":[31,169],"This":[32],"important":[34],"order":[36],"to":[37,69,86,220,261],"help":[38],"influence":[39],"nature":[41],"thereby":[46],"evolve":[47],"more":[48,218],"meaningful":[49],"pleasing":[51],"In":[53,66],"this":[54,246],"regard,":[55],"particular":[56],"challenges":[57],"exist":[58],"quantifying":[60],"aspects":[61],"style":[63],"shape.":[65],"an":[67,103],"attempt":[68],"bridge":[70],"divide":[72],"between":[73],"computer":[74],"vision":[75],"cognitive":[77],"perception,":[78],"we":[79,111,230],"propose":[80],"use":[82,253],"measures":[84,126],"related":[85],"image":[87,107,121,143],"spatial":[88,100,132,197],"frequencies.":[89],"Based":[90],"on":[91,128],"existing":[92],"that":[94,113,162,208,225],"uses":[95],"power":[96,152,256],"spectral":[97,164,239],"density":[98],"frequencies":[101],"as":[102,248],"effective":[104,118],"metric":[105],"classification":[108],"retrieval,":[110],"posit":[112],"Fourier":[114,129,151],"decomposition":[115],"can":[116],"be":[117],"guiding":[120],"evolution.":[122],"We":[123,145,222],"refine":[124],"fitness":[125,147,175,198,259],"based":[127],"analysis":[130],"frequency":[133],"apply":[135],"them":[136],"within":[137],"a":[138,189,236],"genetic":[139],"programming":[140],"environment":[141],"synthesis.":[144],"implement":[146],"strategies":[148,176],"using":[149,188],"2D":[150,255],"spectra":[153,257],"phase,":[155],"with":[156],"goal":[158],"evolving":[160],"share":[163],"properties":[165],"supplied":[167],"target":[168,195,210],"Adaptations":[170],"extensions":[172],"are":[177],"considered":[178],"their":[180],"utility":[181],"art":[183],"systems.":[184],"Experiments":[185],"were":[186,205,212,217],"conducted":[187],"variety":[190],"greyscale":[192],"colour":[194],"images,":[196],"criteria,":[199],"procedural":[201],"texture":[202],"languages.":[203],"Results":[204],"promising,":[206],"some":[209,226],"trivially":[213],"evolved,":[214],"while":[215],"others":[216],"challenging":[219],"characterize.":[221],"also":[223],"observed":[224],"which":[229],"found":[231],"discordant":[232],"\u201cuncomfortable\u201d":[234],"show":[235],"previously":[237],"identified":[238],"phenomenon.":[240],"Future":[241],"should":[243],"further":[244],"investigate":[245],"result,":[247],"it":[249],"could":[250],"extend":[251],"evaluations":[260],"promote":[262],"new":[263],"aesthetic":[264],"properties.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}