{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909415445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5826737","title":"Practical Employment of Granular Computing to Complex Application Layer Cyberattack Detection","display_name":"Practical Employment of Granular Computing to Complex Application Layer Cyberattack Detection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909415445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5826737","mag":"2909415445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/5826737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5826737","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/5826737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/5826737.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042632349","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kozik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-3306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafa\u0142 Kozik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088536972","display_name":"Marek Pawlicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-6406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Pawlicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009283476","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Chora\u015b","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-9911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300393620","display_name":"Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049eq0c58","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Chora\u015b","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003799782","display_name":"Witold Pedrycz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-9930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Witold Pedrycz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042632349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300393620"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":1.7993,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86105263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7322161197662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeland-security","display_name":"Homeland security","score":0.7178635001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6421954035758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6193671822547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granular-computing","display_name":"Granular computing","score":0.5174254179000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.46884050965309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.4182322919368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32255372405052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2503485679626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-set","display_name":"Rough set","score":0.12500104308128357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7322161197662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506469952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181467","display_name":"Homeland security","level":3,"score":0.7178635001182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6421954035758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6193671822547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17209119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596712","display_name":"Granular computing","level":3,"score":0.5174254179000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.46884050965309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.4182322919368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32255372405052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2503485679626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111012933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3137210","display_name":"Rough set","level":2,"score":0.12500104308128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/5826737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5826737","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/5826737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:5826737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2019/5826737.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01069edca4394ce09740bd4d77180542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01069edca4394ce09740bd4d77180542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/5826737","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5826737","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/5826737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909415445.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2909415445.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649264798","https://openalex.org/W1411056664","https://openalex.org/W1488044888","https://openalex.org/W1488246361","https://openalex.org/W1504161274","https://openalex.org/W1514353288","https://openalex.org/W1517636450","https://openalex.org/W1594536929","https://openalex.org/W1601009504","https://openalex.org/W1946096769","https://openalex.org/W1990653637","https://openalex.org/W2018113971","https://openalex.org/W2030258531","https://openalex.org/W2042096136","https://openalex.org/W2042168080","https://openalex.org/W2107745473","https://openalex.org/W2116065364","https://openalex.org/W2121035740","https://openalex.org/W2126862902","https://openalex.org/W2153676086","https://openalex.org/W2249356954","https://openalex.org/W2305735113","https://openalex.org/W2309616937","https://openalex.org/W2394226702","https://openalex.org/W2586739127","https://openalex.org/W2736800466","https://openalex.org/W2787714175","https://openalex.org/W2793196463","https://openalex.org/W6627993158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350522004","https://openalex.org/W2370755174","https://openalex.org/W2377101006","https://openalex.org/W2029203054","https://openalex.org/W46718436","https://openalex.org/W2187139637","https://openalex.org/W2350247864","https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W3013364385","https://openalex.org/W2048171465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"and":[1,20],"information":[2,72,124],"security":[3],"are":[4,36],"regarded":[5],"as":[6,81],"some":[7],"of":[8,13,45,63,67,71,76,96,116],"the":[9,39,43,46,61,68,85,94],"most":[10,86],"pressing":[11],"problems":[12],"contemporary":[14],"economy,":[15],"affecting":[16],"both":[17],"individual":[18],"citizens":[19],"entire":[21],"societies,":[22],"making":[23],"them":[24],"a":[25,57,82,120,135],"highlight":[26],"for":[27,109,122],"homeland":[28],"security.":[29],"Innovative":[30],"approaches":[31],"to":[32,60,84],"handle":[33],"this":[34,117],"challenge":[35],"undertaken":[37],"by":[38],"scientific":[40],"community,":[41],"proposing":[42],"utilization":[44],"emerging,":[47],"advanced":[48],"machine":[49],"learning":[50],"methods.":[51],"This":[52],"very":[53],"paper":[54],"puts":[55],"forward":[56],"novel":[58],"approach":[59],"detection":[62],"cyberattacks":[64],"taking":[65],"inventory":[66],"practical":[69],"application":[70,111],"granules.":[73],"The":[74,113],"feasibility":[75],"utilizing":[77],"Granular":[78],"Computing":[79],"(GC)":[80],"solution":[83],"current":[87],"challenges":[88],"in":[89],"cybersecurity":[90,110],"is":[91,119],"researched.":[92],"To":[93],"best":[95],"our":[97],"knowledge,":[98],"granular":[99],"computing":[100],"has":[101],"not":[102],"yet":[103],"been":[104],"widely":[105],"examined":[106],"or":[107],"used":[108],"purposes.":[112],"major":[114],"contribution":[115],"work":[118],"method":[121],"constructing":[123],"granules":[125],"from":[126],"network":[127],"data.":[128],"We":[129],"then":[130],"report":[131],"promising":[132],"results":[133],"on":[134],"benchmark":[136],"dataset.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
