{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989726537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4101909","title":"Shared Aperture Multibeam Forming of Time\u2010Modulated Linear Array","display_name":"Shared Aperture Multibeam Forming of Time\u2010Modulated Linear Array","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989726537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4101909","mag":"2989726537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/4101909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4101909","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/4101909.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/4101909.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046146572","display_name":"Lijuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2873-9803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-juan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China","College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043680593","display_name":"Zhenkai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-0923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen-kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4","College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-0923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005398432","display_name":"Hamid Esmaeili Najafabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-9900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Esmaeili Najafabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary ABT2N1N4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043680593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309","https://openalex.org/I4210096899"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":3.6762,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95725609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4999704360961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.4864049255847931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3650978207588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3569427728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23952215909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.20680081844329834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4999704360961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.4864049255847931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3650978207588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3569427728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23952215909957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.20680081844329834}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/4101909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4101909","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/4101909.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.11575/prism/37371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1880/111385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:4101909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2019/4101909.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ccde9100ef249c481b7f1b339366daa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ccde9100ef249c481b7f1b339366daa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/4101909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4101909","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2019/4101909.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2944683857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4095632966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989726537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989726537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62349520","https://openalex.org/W1511463899","https://openalex.org/W1687182211","https://openalex.org/W1879678483","https://openalex.org/W1966611890","https://openalex.org/W1981904734","https://openalex.org/W1984683006","https://openalex.org/W2001734637","https://openalex.org/W2013661632","https://openalex.org/W2027790796","https://openalex.org/W2033631794","https://openalex.org/W2039793825","https://openalex.org/W2044911347","https://openalex.org/W2069663777","https://openalex.org/W2089868098","https://openalex.org/W2103254978","https://openalex.org/W2148227117","https://openalex.org/W2166478826","https://openalex.org/W2316100132","https://openalex.org/W2330000141","https://openalex.org/W2341125374","https://openalex.org/W2369384958","https://openalex.org/W2520280143","https://openalex.org/W2544493077","https://openalex.org/W2563367156","https://openalex.org/W2568264683","https://openalex.org/W2751391606","https://openalex.org/W2810470610","https://openalex.org/W2889693761","https://openalex.org/W2894827370","https://openalex.org/W2919699009","https://openalex.org/W2943175708","https://openalex.org/W3146476001","https://openalex.org/W7048191535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2324615561","https://openalex.org/W2086120259","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2245170124","https://openalex.org/W2076393078","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3186982001","https://openalex.org/W1984402782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"technique":[2,102,110],"is":[3,24,42,103,142],"proposed":[4,133],"in":[5,13,44,116],"this":[6,109],"paper":[7],"for":[8,39,55],"shared":[9,118],"aperture":[10,119],"multibeam":[11,114],"forming":[12],"a":[14,20,117],"complex":[15],"time\u2010modulated":[16],"linear":[17,40],"array.":[18],"First,":[19],"uniform":[21],"line":[22],"array":[23,31],"interleaved":[25],"randomly":[26],"to":[27,89,144],"form":[28,136],"two":[29,60],"sparse":[30],"subarrays.":[32,47],"Subsequently,":[33],"the":[34,45,49,51,59,72,76,82,91,94,97,100,106,112,121,132],"theory":[35],"of":[36,58,75,93,99,123,128],"time":[37,53],"modulation":[38],"arrays":[41],"applied":[43],"constructed":[46],"In":[48],"meantime,":[50],"switch\u2010on":[52],"sequences":[54],"each":[56],"element":[57],"subarrays":[61],"are":[62,87],"optimized":[63,66],"by":[64,105],"an":[65],"differential":[67],"evolution":[68],"(DE)":[69],"algorithm,":[70],"i.e.,":[71],"scaling":[73],"factor":[74,86],"sinusoidal":[77],"iterative":[78,124],"chaotic":[79],"system":[80],"and":[81,111,120,140],"adaptive":[83],"crossover":[84],"probability":[85],"used":[88],"enhance":[90],"diversity":[92],"population.":[95],"Lastly,":[96],"feasibility":[98],"new":[101],"verified":[104],"comparison":[107],"between":[108],"basic":[113],"algorithm":[115,122,134],"FFT.":[125],"The":[126],"results":[127],"simulations":[129],"confirm":[130],"that":[131],"can":[135],"more":[137],"desired":[138],"beams,":[139],"it":[141],"superior":[143],"other":[145],"similar":[146],"approaches.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}