{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913038759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4064201","title":"Radio Environment Map Construction by Kriging Algorithm Based on Mobile Crowd Sensing","display_name":"Radio Environment Map Construction by Kriging Algorithm Based on Mobile Crowd Sensing","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913038759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4064201","mag":"2913038759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/4064201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4064201","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/4064201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/4064201.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021779438","display_name":"Zhifeng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-075X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-075X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055685073","display_name":"Jianxin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-0573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1486-0573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406584","display_name":"Qi Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-4624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-4624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003353715","display_name":"Haifeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3581-0367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432460","display_name":"Jingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-2228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-2228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100088, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021779438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":5.0602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94723141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.840740442276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.749113917350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5939465165138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5454148054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-distance-weighting","display_name":"Inverse distance weighting","score":0.5159841179847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.46568313241004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-interpolation","display_name":"Multivariate interpolation","score":0.3860127925872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38047027587890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3586256802082062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3126072883605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.2171458601951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.19643932580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19350093603134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.09328120946884155}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.840740442276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.749113917350769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5939465165138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5454148054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47872207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430701","display_name":"Inverse distance weighting","level":4,"score":0.5159841179847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.46568313241004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203332170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6334079","display_name":"Multivariate interpolation","level":3,"score":0.3860127925872803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38047027587890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3586256802082062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3126072883605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.2171458601951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.19643932580947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19350093603134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.09328120946884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/4064201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4064201","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/4064201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f7740517613427aab72f55702ccc002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f7740517613427aab72f55702ccc002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/4064201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4064201","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/4064201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1273367633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4182041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G158050311","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u591a\u8def\u5f84\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u8054\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3652578418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4182041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4411191090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4942195097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5092157715","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913038759.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2913038759.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969642178","https://openalex.org/W1994500462","https://openalex.org/W2057041225","https://openalex.org/W2083888899","https://openalex.org/W2106693504","https://openalex.org/W2125826911","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2167339613","https://openalex.org/W2179416711","https://openalex.org/W2516795212","https://openalex.org/W2538394767","https://openalex.org/W2564947328","https://openalex.org/W2690196614","https://openalex.org/W2889393573","https://openalex.org/W2963996300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021907765","https://openalex.org/W2357092082","https://openalex.org/W4221115393","https://openalex.org/W2512393538","https://openalex.org/W3180612984","https://openalex.org/W2363866393","https://openalex.org/W2389334698","https://openalex.org/W1965726555","https://openalex.org/W4382867132","https://openalex.org/W4328121509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"the":[1,36,42,56,66,76,92,98,115,119,126,129,140,145,152,157,164,170,186,195,219,231,243,248,259,273,278,282],"IoT":[2,8,46],"era,":[3],"5G":[4],"will":[5,150],"enable":[6],"various":[7],"services":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"broadband":[12],"access":[13,43],"everywhere,":[14],"high":[15],"user":[16],"and":[17,20,237,239,247,277],"devices":[18,47,78],"mobility,":[19],"connectivity":[21],"of":[22,25,38,45,59,69,128,156],"massive":[23],"number":[24],"devices.":[26],"Radio":[27],"environment":[28,94,121,147,154,203,209,223,268],"map":[29],"(REM)":[30],"can":[31,262],"be":[32,263],"applied":[33,264],"to":[34,64,83,113,134,138,143,199,229,265],"improve":[35],"utilization":[37],"radio":[39,93,120,146,153,165,202,208,222,267],"resources":[40],"for":[41,90,96,180,183],"control":[44],"by":[48,80,118,125],"allocating":[49],"them":[50,241],"reasonable":[51],"wireless":[52],"spectrum":[53],"resources.":[54],"However,":[55,123],"primary":[57],"problem":[58],"constructing":[60],"REM":[61,106],"is":[62,86,132,215],"how":[63],"collect":[65,84,114,144],"large":[67],"scale":[68],"data.":[70,211,225],"Mobile":[71],"crowd":[72],"sensing":[73,141,158],"(MCS),":[74],"leveraging":[75],"smart":[77],"carried":[79],"ordinary":[81],"people":[82],"information,":[85],"an":[87],"effective":[88],"solution":[89],"collecting":[91,107],"information":[95,155,166,204,210,224,269],"building":[97],"REM.":[99],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103,193],"build":[104],"a":[105],"prototype":[108],"system":[109],"based":[110,217,271],"on":[111,218,272],"MCS":[112],"data":[116,270,276],"required":[117],"information.":[122,148],"limited":[124],"budget":[127],"platform,":[130],"it":[131],"hard":[133],"recruit":[135],"enough":[136],"participants":[137],"join":[139],"task":[142],"This":[149],"make":[151],"area":[159],"incomplete,":[160],"which":[161],"cannot":[162],"describe":[163],"accuracy.":[167],"Considering":[168],"that":[169,258],"Kriging":[171,184,196,232,260,279],"algorithm":[172,198,234,261],"has":[173,281],"been":[174],"widely":[175],"used":[176],"in":[177],"geostatistics":[178],"principle":[179],"spatial":[181],"interpolation":[182,197,213,233,235,253,280,284],"giving":[185],"best":[187],"unbiased":[188],"estimate":[189],"with":[190,242],"minimized":[191],"variance,":[192],"utilize":[194],"infer":[200,266],"complete":[201],"from":[205],"collected":[206,220,274],"sample":[207,221,275],"The":[212],"performance":[214],"analyzed":[216],"We":[226],"demonstrate":[227],"experiments":[228],"analyze":[230],"results":[236,256],"error":[238],"compared":[240],"nearest":[244],"neighbor":[245],"(NN)":[246],"inverse":[249],"distance":[250],"weighting":[251],"(IDW)":[252],"algorithms.":[254],"Experiment":[255],"show":[257],"least":[283],"error.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}