{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2917748490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3159762","title":"A Survey on Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Applications, Technical Issues, and Future Directions","display_name":"A Survey on Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Applications, Technical Issues, and Future Directions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2917748490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3159762","mag":"2917748490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/3159762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3159762","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/3159762.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/3159762.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091805322","display_name":"Salman Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4895-9512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054814598","display_name":"Shangguang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-1298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shangguang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7245-1298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026837722","display_name":"Manzoor Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-9845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manzoor Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIB Lab Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIB Lab Electronic Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068119813","display_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-6281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rizwan Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-6281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054814598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":27.1318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99753945,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8148311376571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6676281690597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6580764055252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5669857859611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5597946643829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.5139591097831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.49813079833984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4825293719768524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.47228628396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.470779150724411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4321300983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.42980796098709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.184359610080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.11068835854530334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8148311376571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6676281690597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6580764055252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5669857859611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5597946643829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.5139591097831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.49813079833984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4825293719768524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.47228628396987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.470779150724411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4321300983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42980796098709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.184359610080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.11068835854530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/3159762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3159762","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/3159762.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7f577a6800964af1a837e4c05adb5d09","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7f577a6800964af1a837e4c05adb5d09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/3159762","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3159762","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/3159762.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8701542639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8790305092","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917748490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2917748490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60915354","https://openalex.org/W1981853451","https://openalex.org/W1987881993","https://openalex.org/W1989633801","https://openalex.org/W2005500027","https://openalex.org/W2008308316","https://openalex.org/W2009637449","https://openalex.org/W2024363207","https://openalex.org/W2037941840","https://openalex.org/W2040340473","https://openalex.org/W2048294994","https://openalex.org/W2054388460","https://openalex.org/W2056163839","https://openalex.org/W2074680342","https://openalex.org/W2082839002","https://openalex.org/W2094603253","https://openalex.org/W2096444512","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2126580567","https://openalex.org/W2126842049","https://openalex.org/W2165039866","https://openalex.org/W2168867823","https://openalex.org/W2177802445","https://openalex.org/W2267525789","https://openalex.org/W2319745994","https://openalex.org/W2335146458","https://openalex.org/W2343050074","https://openalex.org/W2345604657","https://openalex.org/W2372534467","https://openalex.org/W2422659833","https://openalex.org/W2443552644","https://openalex.org/W2467994323","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2511933885","https://openalex.org/W2522693205","https://openalex.org/W2530340601","https://openalex.org/W2531819096","https://openalex.org/W2538968690","https://openalex.org/W2569043374","https://openalex.org/W2587108042","https://openalex.org/W2589648202","https://openalex.org/W2593354195","https://openalex.org/W2602126201","https://openalex.org/W2611050466","https://openalex.org/W2611962070","https://openalex.org/W2620276187","https://openalex.org/W2626588362","https://openalex.org/W2712935844","https://openalex.org/W2737530998","https://openalex.org/W2740289797","https://openalex.org/W2742940740","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2766896817","https://openalex.org/W2772726293","https://openalex.org/W2793709860","https://openalex.org/W2796934112","https://openalex.org/W2797553131","https://openalex.org/W2964048168","https://openalex.org/W4236509061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993670003","https://openalex.org/W2323516465","https://openalex.org/W2124125015","https://openalex.org/W2738302353","https://openalex.org/W1990509281","https://openalex.org/W4238615239","https://openalex.org/W2212335713","https://openalex.org/W2967415590","https://openalex.org/W2575053927","https://openalex.org/W379534726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1,139],"networking":[2],"paradigm,":[3],"Vehicular":[4],"Edge":[5],"Computing":[6],"(VEC),":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"introduced":[10],"in":[11,56,97,141],"recent":[12],"years":[13],"to":[14,18,26,59,126,146],"the":[15,28,39,47,74,79,82,94,98,104,142,147],"vehicular":[16,44],"network":[17],"augment":[19],"its":[20,85],"computing":[21],"capacity.":[22],"The":[23],"ultimate":[24],"challenge":[25],"fulfill":[27],"requirements":[29],"of":[30,41,49,68,81,131,144],"both":[31],"communication":[32],"and":[33,65,88,101,106,114],"computation":[34],"is":[35],"increasingly":[36],"prominent,":[37],"with":[38,78],"advent":[40],"ever-growing":[42],"modern":[43],"applications.":[45,89],"With":[46],"breakthrough":[48],"VEC,":[50],"service":[51,69],"providers":[52],"directly":[53],"host":[54],"services":[55],"close":[57],"proximity":[58],"smart":[60,83],"vehicles":[61],"for":[62],"reducing":[63],"latency":[64],"improving":[66],"quality":[67],"(QoS).":[70],"This":[71,119],"paper":[72],"illustrates":[73],"VEC":[75,99,145],"architecture,":[76],"coupled":[77],"concept":[80],"vehicle,":[84],"services,":[86],"communication,":[87],"Moreover,":[90],"we":[91],"categorized":[92],"all":[93,103],"technical":[95],"issues":[96],"architecture":[100],"reviewed":[102],"relevant":[105],"latest":[107,133],"solutions.":[108],"We":[109],"also":[110,137],"shed":[111],"some":[112],"light":[113],"pinpoint":[115],"future":[116],"research":[117,134],"challenges.":[118],"article":[120],"not":[121],"only":[122],"enables":[123],"naive":[124],"readers":[125],"get":[127],"a":[128],"better":[129],"understanding":[130],"this":[132],"field":[135,143],"but":[136],"gives":[138],"directions":[140],"other":[148],"researchers.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
