{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925214414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2895685","title":"Model Identification of Unobservable Behavior of Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Nets","display_name":"Model Identification of Unobservable Behavior of Discrete Event Systems Using Petri Nets","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925214414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2895685","mag":"2925214414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2895685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2895685","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2019/2895685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2019/2895685.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083556060","display_name":"Guanghui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-2946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I903994226","display_name":"Xuchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k174p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341465","display_name":"Ya Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-5061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I903994226","display_name":"Xuchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k174p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ya Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-5061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455426","display_name":"Yajie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-5195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198645480","display_name":"North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/03acrzv41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I903994226","display_name":"Xuchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k174p87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I903994226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100341465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198645480","https://openalex.org/I903994226"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.5784,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68572899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable","display_name":"Unobservable","score":0.9942874908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.8854930996894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.8110458850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.7320979237556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.5699524879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5098963975906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-petri-net","display_name":"Stochastic Petri net","score":0.4589375853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4539186954498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4159206449985504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.4135356843471527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.363785058259964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26902130246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14598438143730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.1093246340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.0734790563583374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.9942874908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.8854930996894836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.8110458850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7320979237556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.5699524879455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5098963975906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197551870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617809","display_name":"Stochastic Petri net","level":3,"score":0.4589375853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4539186954498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4159206449985504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4135356843471527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.363785058259964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26902130246162415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14598438143730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1093246340751648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0734790563583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2895685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2895685","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2019/2895685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:633a5de0cbad4cd299a3bf50228e5c24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/633a5de0cbad4cd299a3bf50228e5c24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2895685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2895685","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2019/2895685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327051","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Henan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925214414.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925214414.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966547590","https://openalex.org/W1977985274","https://openalex.org/W1985787415","https://openalex.org/W1991351652","https://openalex.org/W1993618162","https://openalex.org/W1996109622","https://openalex.org/W2017603160","https://openalex.org/W2019970645","https://openalex.org/W2038562651","https://openalex.org/W2078351107","https://openalex.org/W2085119635","https://openalex.org/W2092386826","https://openalex.org/W2094370340","https://openalex.org/W2108629956","https://openalex.org/W2108963340","https://openalex.org/W2135886503","https://openalex.org/W2160792115","https://openalex.org/W2243659846","https://openalex.org/W2509841691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008534419","https://openalex.org/W2151008975","https://openalex.org/W2792638268","https://openalex.org/W993532209","https://openalex.org/W1543378523","https://openalex.org/W2741602769","https://openalex.org/W1578306890","https://openalex.org/W2081678986","https://openalex.org/W1491709828","https://openalex.org/W4384915695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,94],"the":[4,13,20,36,47,54,59,71,78,95,102,134,137,150,155,159,172,176,182],"problem":[5],"of":[6,16,22,39,136,145],"identifying":[7],"a":[8,17,29,40,125,127,143,187],"Petri":[9,31,98],"net":[10,32,99],"that":[11,28,34,118,142,186],"models":[12],"unobservable":[14,68,91,108,173,190],"behavior":[15,38,74],"system":[18,41,55,73],"from":[19,77],"knowledge":[21],"its":[23],"dynamical":[24],"evolution.":[25],"We":[26],"assume":[27,117,141],"partial":[30,97],"model":[33,100],"represents":[35],"observable":[37,106],"is":[42,121,130,147],"given":[43,96],"in":[44,175],"which":[45],"all":[46],"transitions":[48,69,92],"are":[49,75,113],"observable.":[50,122],"An":[51],"identifier":[52],"monitors":[53],"evolution":[56,135],"and":[57,83,107],"records":[58],"observed":[60,131,183],"transition":[61,79,128,156,174,191],"sequence":[62,80,129,157],"(and":[63],"possible":[64],"corresponding":[65,160],"markings).":[66],"Some":[67],"modeling":[70],"unknown":[72],"identified":[76,90],"by":[81],"formulating":[82],"solving":[84],"integer":[85],"linear":[86],"programming":[87,178],"problems.":[88],"These":[89],"together":[93],"characterize":[101],"whole":[103],"system,":[104],"including":[105],"behavior.":[109],"Two":[110],"different":[111],"cases":[112],"considered.":[114],"First,":[115],"we":[116,140],"no":[119],"place":[120],"In":[123],"such":[124,185],"case,":[126],"only":[132,154],"during":[133],"system.":[138],"Second,":[139],"subset":[144],"places":[146],"observable;":[148],"i.e.,":[149],"observation":[151],"contains":[152],"not":[153],"but":[158],"markings":[161,184],"as":[162],"well.":[163],"Hence":[164],"an":[165],"additional":[166],"constraint":[167],"should":[168],"be":[169,193],"imposed":[170],"on":[171],"related":[177],"problems":[179],"according":[180],"to":[181],"more":[188],"authentic":[189],"can":[192],"found.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}