{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2923688814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350694","title":"A Double Adaptive Approach to Tackle Malicious Users in Cognitive Radio Networks","display_name":"A Double Adaptive Approach to Tackle Malicious Users in Cognitive Radio Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2923688814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350694","mag":"2923688814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2350694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350694","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/2350694.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/2350694.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016483730","display_name":"Muhammad Sajjad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-6999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sajjad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-6999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024249611","display_name":"Muhammad Jibran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2432-4533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Jibran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082206251","display_name":"Insoo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insoo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429087","display_name":"Su Min Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-9208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322422313","display_name":"Tech University of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/0060vt104","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322422313"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Min Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do 429-793, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do 429-793, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322422313"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041027404","display_name":"Junsu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-7978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322422313","display_name":"Tech University of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/0060vt104","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322422313"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junsu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do 429-793, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9583-7978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do 429-793, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322422313"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041027404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322422313"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":3.1588,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92299078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8506717681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8291757106781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-center","display_name":"Fusion center","score":0.7275570631027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5597732663154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5285146236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5079143643379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.47829538583755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2336069941520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.0943002998828888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8506717681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8291757106781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943505","display_name":"Fusion center","level":4,"score":0.7275570631027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5597732663154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5285146236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5079143643379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.47829538583755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2336069941520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0943002998828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2350694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350694","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/2350694.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67eacae2fda64f8e98010689913243d7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67eacae2fda64f8e98010689913243d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2350694","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2350694","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2019/2350694.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G266217951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4405650677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018-0-01426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5393212012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018-0-01426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6906910523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1A2B1004474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7601413255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1A2B1004474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8496499603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018-0-01426","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2923688814.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2923688814.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541009825","https://openalex.org/W2032568337","https://openalex.org/W2110372791","https://openalex.org/W2240810292","https://openalex.org/W2543075377","https://openalex.org/W2555490482","https://openalex.org/W2570452912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098233271","https://openalex.org/W4294642751","https://openalex.org/W1556853708","https://openalex.org/W2117233216","https://openalex.org/W2144291038","https://openalex.org/W2438107623","https://openalex.org/W2753489163","https://openalex.org/W4297533531","https://openalex.org/W2952411908","https://openalex.org/W2125689931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"radio":[1,35,61],"(CR)":[2],"is":[3,112,135,160,189],"being":[4],"considered":[5],"as":[6,69,162],"a":[7,38,84,139,163],"vital":[8],"technology":[9],"to":[10,13,42,75,91,101,114,117,137,142,146],"provide":[11],"solution":[12],"spectrum":[14,25,31,70],"scarcity":[15],"in":[16,33,89],"next":[17],"generation":[18],"network,":[19],"by":[20,63,178,193],"efficiently":[21],"utilizing":[22,179],"the":[23,27,43,47,50,56,59,76,102,106,122,129,143,155,169,175,186,196],"vacant":[24],"of":[26,49,58,168,185],"licensed":[28],"users.":[29,99,131],"Cooperative":[30],"sensing":[32,71],"cognitive":[34,60],"network":[36],"has":[37],"promising":[39],"performance":[40,57],"compared":[41],"individual":[44],"sensing.":[45],"However,":[46],"existence":[48],"malicious":[51,98,130,164],"users\u2019":[52],"attack":[53],"highly":[54],"degrades":[55],"networks":[62],"sending":[64],"falsified":[65],"data":[66,72],"also":[67],"known":[68],"falsification":[73],"(SSDF)":[74],"fusion":[77,176],"center.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"propose":[83],"double":[85,103,156],"adaptive":[86,104,133,157],"thresholding":[87],"technique":[88],"order":[90],"differentiate":[92],"legitimate":[93,123,170],"users":[94,124,145,171],"from":[95],"doubtful":[96,144,151],"and":[97],"Prior":[100],"approach,":[105],"maximal":[107],"ratio":[108],"combining":[109],"(MRC)":[110],"scheme":[111,188],"utilized":[113],"assign":[115],"weight":[116],"each":[118],"user":[119,152],"such":[120],"that":[121,153],"experience":[125],"higher":[126],"weights":[127],"than":[128],"Double":[132],"threshold":[134,158],"applied":[136],"give":[138],"fair":[140],"chance":[141],"ensure":[147],"their":[148],"credibility.":[149],"A":[150],"fails":[154],"test":[159],"declared":[161],"user.":[165],"The":[166],"results":[167],"are":[172],"combined":[173],"at":[174],"center":[177],"Dempster-Shafer":[180],"(DS)":[181],"evidence":[182],"theory.":[183],"Effectiveness":[184],"proposed":[187],"proved":[190],"through":[191],"simulations":[192],"comparing":[194],"with":[195],"existing":[197],"schemes.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}