{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989853921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015017","title":"Deep Learning with Taxonomic Loss for Plant Identification","display_name":"Deep Learning with Taxonomic Loss for Plant Identification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989853921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015017","mag":"2989853921","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31871441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2015017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015017","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2019/2015017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2019/2015017.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047198447","display_name":"Danzi Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danzi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627388","display_name":"Xue Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5276-8631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704285","display_name":"Guan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-2908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772262","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-9515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-9515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325500","display_name":"Haiyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100589970","display_name":"Hongping Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5930-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongping Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100325500","https://openalex.org/A5100772262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":1.8667,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87753476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13568","display_name":"Wood and Agarwood Research","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12894","display_name":"Date Palm Research Studies","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5571571588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5399932265281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomic-rank","display_name":"Taxonomic rank","score":0.5253849625587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5155308246612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.467821329832077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4657244384288788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4398260712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.32694053649902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1088496744632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxon","display_name":"Taxon","score":0.1062828004360199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5571571588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5399932265281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189592816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427626","display_name":"Taxonomic rank","level":3,"score":0.5253849625587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5155308246612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.467821329832077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4657244384288788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4398260712623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.32694053649902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1088496744632721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71640776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521","display_name":"Taxon","level":2,"score":0.1062828004360199}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2015017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015017","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2019/2015017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31871441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31871441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:36c14c3d41e245bd841048b599eb35e8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/36c14c3d41e245bd841048b599eb35e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2019 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5876744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6907043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2019/2015017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015017","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2019/2015017.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2736367384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZY38","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3454219417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019ZY38","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8311075974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8679700377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989853921.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989853921.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996816368","https://openalex.org/W2152854843","https://openalex.org/W2470803522","https://openalex.org/W2520364485","https://openalex.org/W2568155635","https://openalex.org/W2606091860","https://openalex.org/W2618747515","https://openalex.org/W2733608569","https://openalex.org/W2787850338","https://openalex.org/W2795866616","https://openalex.org/W2809480750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898732673","https://openalex.org/W2410053581","https://openalex.org/W2383658677","https://openalex.org/W3123203398","https://openalex.org/W2391251536","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W1972473893","https://openalex.org/W2466435674","https://openalex.org/W2362198218","https://openalex.org/W2765200542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"identification":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3],"fine-grained":[4,165],"classification":[5,166],"task":[6,167],"which":[7,34,143],"aims":[8],"to":[9,17,78,111],"identify":[10],"the":[11,23,29,37,44,67,72,82,104,122,130,164],"family,":[12,138],"genus,":[13],"and":[14,52,63,80,103,135,140,155],"species":[15,141],"according":[16],"plant":[18],"appearance":[19],"features.":[20],"Inspired":[21],"by":[22,49,94,107,126,149,152],"hierarchical":[24,38,169],"structure":[25],"of":[26,132,146],"taxonomic":[27,30,108,127,159],"tree,":[28],"loss":[31,74,97,109,128,151,160],"was":[32,76],"proposed,":[33],"could":[35,161],"encode":[36],"relationships":[39],"among":[40],"multilevel":[41],"labels":[42],"into":[43],"deep":[45],"learning":[46],"objective":[47],"function":[48,75],"simple":[50],"group":[51],"sum":[53],"operation.":[54],"By":[55],"training":[56],"various":[57],"neural":[58,89],"networks":[59,90],"on":[60,99],"PlantCLEF":[61,64,100,116],"2015":[62,101],"2017":[65,117],"datasets,":[66],"experimental":[68],"results":[69],"demonstrated":[70],"that":[71],"proposed":[73],"easy":[77],"implement":[79],"outperformed":[81],"most":[83],"commonly":[84],"adopted":[85],"cross-entropy":[86,150],"loss.":[87],"Eight":[88],"were":[91],"trained,":[92],"respectively,":[93],"two":[95],"different":[96],"functions":[98],"dataset,":[102],"models":[105],"trained":[106,125,148],"led":[110],"significant":[112],"performance":[113],"improvements.":[114],"On":[115],"dataset":[118],"with":[119,168],"10,000":[120],"species,":[121],"SENet-154":[123],"model":[124,147],"achieved":[129],"accuracies":[131],"84.07%,":[133],"79.97%,":[134],"73.61%":[136],"at":[137],"genus":[139],"levels,":[142],"improved":[144],"those":[145],"2.23%,":[153],"1.34%,":[154],"1.08%,":[156],"respectively.":[157],"The":[158],"further":[162],"facilitate":[163],"labels.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}