{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902860008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9412782","title":"Load Balancing Opportunistic Routing for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"Load Balancing Opportunistic Routing for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902860008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9412782","mag":"2902860008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/9412782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9412782","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/9412782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/9412782.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034782060","display_name":"Wenxuan Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039135522","display_name":"Xing Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-8604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-8604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056068917","display_name":"Junwei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-1203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-1203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759169","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6847-8452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102210614","display_name":"Guosheng Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guosheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039135522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":2.0574,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88270387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8619437217712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6648801565170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.6158588528633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.5397423505783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5179511308670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-quality-of-service-multi-hop-routing","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","score":0.509446918964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.4132033586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ad-hoc-wireless-distribution-service","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","score":0.41187092661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3994992971420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.2877561151981354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24651405215263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11045688390731812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8619437217712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6648801565170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.6158588528633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5397423505783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5179511308670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32244324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680755","display_name":"Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing","level":5,"score":0.509446918964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.4132033586502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190526755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4678071","display_name":"Ad hoc wireless distribution service","level":5,"score":0.41187092661857605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3994992971420288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2877561151981354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24651405215263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11045688390731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/9412782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9412782","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/9412782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c9b4459086a4f8f9ea69c36ae411f51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c9b4459086a4f8f9ea69c36ae411f51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/9412782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9412782","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/9412782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1641466104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WUT:2017II14XZ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6547997230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8171743712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017CFB593","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G834051384","display_name":"\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9a\u4e49\u968f\u673a\u673a\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f30\u7b97\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8889963857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902860008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2902860008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539497604","https://openalex.org/W1616553398","https://openalex.org/W1917471700","https://openalex.org/W1981118980","https://openalex.org/W2013237583","https://openalex.org/W2029825720","https://openalex.org/W2038028518","https://openalex.org/W2053673057","https://openalex.org/W2066879332","https://openalex.org/W2103127461","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2218021552","https://openalex.org/W2300375278","https://openalex.org/W2335686213","https://openalex.org/W2436282183","https://openalex.org/W2470565171","https://openalex.org/W2474368703","https://openalex.org/W2512075923","https://openalex.org/W2552919935","https://openalex.org/W2559842323","https://openalex.org/W2736817624","https://openalex.org/W2736862060","https://openalex.org/W2748084770","https://openalex.org/W2783231854","https://openalex.org/W2789983832","https://openalex.org/W2792935307","https://openalex.org/W2799283631","https://openalex.org/W2896346082","https://openalex.org/W4234390533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099860032","https://openalex.org/W2155321871","https://openalex.org/W1932298562","https://openalex.org/W2061609081","https://openalex.org/W42887645","https://openalex.org/W3099275610","https://openalex.org/W2347424268","https://openalex.org/W2077426240","https://openalex.org/W2368919087","https://openalex.org/W2029991573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"activities":[2],"have":[3],"shown":[4],"that":[5,128],"opportunistic":[6,80,135],"routing":[7,81,136],"can":[8],"achieve":[9],"considerable":[10],"performance":[11],"gains":[12],"in":[13,37,142],"Cognitive":[14],"Radio":[15],"Ad":[16],"hoc":[17],"Networks":[18],"(CRAHNs).":[19],"Most":[20],"of":[21,43,89,98,103],"these":[22],"studies":[23],"focused":[24],"on":[25],"designing":[26],"appropriate":[27],"metrics":[28],"to":[29,84],"select":[30],"and":[31,67,120,125],"prioritize":[32],"the":[33,49,86,90,96,100,104],"forwarding":[34],"candidates.":[35],"However,":[36],"multiple\u2010flow":[38],"networks,":[39],"a":[40,77,107],"small":[41],"number":[42],"nodes":[44,58],"may":[45,59],"always":[46],"be":[47,68],"with":[48,63,138],"higher":[50],"priority":[51],"order":[52],"for":[53],"different":[54],"flows.":[55],"Thus,":[56],"some":[57],"easily":[60],"become":[61],"overloaded":[62],"too":[64],"much":[65],"traffic":[66],"severely":[69],"congested.":[70],"To":[71],"overcome":[72],"this":[73],"problem,":[74],"we":[75,112],"propose":[76],"load":[78,115],"balancing":[79,116,140],"(LBOR)":[82],"scheme":[83,132],"maximize":[85],"total":[87,101],"throughput":[88,102],"whole":[91],"network.":[92],"We":[93],"first":[94],"formulate":[95],"problem":[97],"maximizing":[99],"network":[105],"as":[106],"linear":[108],"programming":[109],"problem.":[110],"Then,":[111],"develop":[113],"heuristic":[114],"candidate":[117],"forwarder":[118],"sorting":[119],"selection":[121],"algorithms.":[122],"Simulation":[123],"results":[124],"comparisons":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"our":[129],"proposed":[130],"LBOR":[131],"outperforms":[133],"existing":[134],"protocols":[137],"nonload":[139],"methods":[141],"CRAHNs.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}