{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2903076997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8638019","title":"Real\u2010Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation","display_name":"Real\u2010Time Video Latency Measurement between a Robot and Its Remote Control Station: Causes and Mitigation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2903076997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8638019","mag":"2903076997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/8638019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8638019","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/8638019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/8638019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013911255","display_name":"Admir Kaknjo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-4845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Admir Kaknjo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-4845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083277375","display_name":"Muzaffar Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-043X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muzaffar Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-043X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047662350","display_name":"Edin Omerdi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-239X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edin Omerdic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-239X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021391240","display_name":"Luke Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-015X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-015X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068165002","display_name":"Daniel Toal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Toal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-9216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114375927","display_name":"Thomas Newe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3375-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Newe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3375-8200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Eng., University of Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068165002","https://openalex.org/A5114375927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.7422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77728611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8859239816665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6873005032539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6282545924186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-control","display_name":"Remote control","score":0.4624163806438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4305347502231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26672887802124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22761380672454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.21933144330978394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8859239816665649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6873005032539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6282545924186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557691694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185091","display_name":"Remote control","level":2,"score":0.4624163806438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4305347502231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26672887802124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22761380672454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.21933144330978394}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/8638019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8638019","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/8638019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/157387/","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10344/7459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I115570527","host_organization_name":"Dublin Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115570527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"14SP2740","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:359efbaed5e14829a1d7c4ff7457166f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/359efbaed5e14829a1d7c4ff7457166f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/19812559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Real-time_video_latency_measurement_between_a_robot_and_its_remote_control_station_causes_and_mitigation/19812559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/8638019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8638019","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/8638019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4459685745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14/SP/2740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5098725405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12/RC/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7996667949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12/RC/2302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903076997.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2903076997.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569046518","https://openalex.org/W1606428928","https://openalex.org/W1911888651","https://openalex.org/W1919927951","https://openalex.org/W1970069421","https://openalex.org/W1983642991","https://openalex.org/W2014705906","https://openalex.org/W2034036824","https://openalex.org/W2038331462","https://openalex.org/W2047066606","https://openalex.org/W2049325863","https://openalex.org/W2050764267","https://openalex.org/W2059863485","https://openalex.org/W2078443603","https://openalex.org/W2089072603","https://openalex.org/W2101434776","https://openalex.org/W2129628801","https://openalex.org/W2137787265","https://openalex.org/W2139738512","https://openalex.org/W2153486199","https://openalex.org/W2157436209","https://openalex.org/W2158293425","https://openalex.org/W2167140717","https://openalex.org/W2191824690","https://openalex.org/W2278887764","https://openalex.org/W2342927499","https://openalex.org/W2472455057","https://openalex.org/W2515893196","https://openalex.org/W2527689590","https://openalex.org/W2548242965","https://openalex.org/W2564628275","https://openalex.org/W2601436645","https://openalex.org/W2611360604","https://openalex.org/W2735858160","https://openalex.org/W2749266427","https://openalex.org/W2758505938","https://openalex.org/W2783454892","https://openalex.org/W3098116200","https://openalex.org/W4237266064","https://openalex.org/W4255085020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954284861","https://openalex.org/W3036465205","https://openalex.org/W3205411230","https://openalex.org/W4286899009","https://openalex.org/W9168048","https://openalex.org/W4300849822","https://openalex.org/W4376480820","https://openalex.org/W3155891479","https://openalex.org/W3029351463","https://openalex.org/W4308600690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,13,31,43,111,116,146,223,227,253,257,293,331],"detailed":[4],"study,":[5],"characterization,":[6],"and":[7,34,53,59,85,98,128,153,161,201,214,229,241,248,278,336,351],"measurement":[8,120,150,168,219],"of":[9,22,30,96,121,151,163,220,222,252,299,315],"video":[10,15,75,152,224,254,290],"latency":[11,129,155,221,251],"in":[12,27,94,107,138,292,296,312],"real\u2010time":[14,67,159],"streaming":[16],"application.":[17],"The":[18,119],"target":[19],"application":[20],"consists":[21],"an":[23,211],"automatic":[24],"control":[25,32,84,269,347],"system":[26,83,106,137,165],"the":[28,35,54,63,70,74,81,92,105,136,149,158,164,177,184,218,230,242,250,266,276,297,306,313,325,339],"form":[29],"station":[33],"mini":[36],"Remotely":[37],"Operated":[38],"Vehicle":[39],"(ROV)":[40],"equipped":[41],"with":[42],"camera,":[44],"which":[45,77,342],"is":[46,78,115,142,169,232,239,320],"controllable":[47],"over":[48,226,305,348],"local":[49],"area":[50],"network":[51,71,93,123,154],"(LAN)":[52],"Internet.":[55],"Control":[56],"signal":[57],"transmission":[58],"feedback":[60],"measurements":[61],"to":[62,144,156,176,196,310,322],"operator":[64],"usually":[65],"impose":[66],"constraints":[68],"on":[69,91,101,183],"channel.":[72],"Similarly,":[73],"stream,":[76],"required":[79],"for":[80,133,148,207,217,246],"normal":[82,289],"maneuvering,":[86],"imposes":[87],"further":[88],"strict":[89],"requirements":[90],"terms":[95],"bandwidth":[97],"latency.":[99],"Based":[100],"these":[102],"requirements,":[103],"controlling":[104,135],"real":[108,139],"time":[109],"through":[110],"standard":[112],"Internet":[113,185,231,307],"connection":[114],"challenging":[117],"task.":[118],"important":[122,321],"parameters":[124],"like":[125],"availability,":[126],"bandwidth,":[127],"has":[130],"become":[131],"mandatory":[132],"remotely":[134],"time.":[140],"It":[141,319],"necessary":[143,243],"establish":[145],"methodology":[147,216],"improve":[157],"controllability":[160],"safety":[162],"as":[166,188,261,263],"such":[167,187],"not":[170],"possible":[171],"using":[172,275,330],"existing":[173,267],"solutions":[174,203],"due":[175],"following":[178],"reasons:":[179],"insufficient":[180],"accuracy,":[181],"relying":[182],"resources":[186],"generic":[189,258,332],"Network":[190],"Time":[191],"Protocol":[192],"(NTP)":[193],"servers,":[194],"inability":[195],"obtain":[197],"one\u2010way":[198],"delay":[199],"measurement,":[200],"many":[202],"only":[204],"having":[205],"support":[206],"web":[208],"cameras.":[209],"Here,":[210,273],"efficient,":[212],"reliable,":[213],"cost\u2010effective":[215],"stream":[225,255],"LAN":[228,294],"proposed.":[233],"A":[234],"dedicated":[235,279],"stratum\u20101":[236],"NTP":[237],"server":[238],"used":[240],"software":[244,270,277],"needed":[245],"acquiring":[247],"measuring":[249],"from":[256],"IP":[259,334],"camera":[260,335],"well":[262],"integration":[264],"into":[265],"ROV":[268],"was":[271,286],"developed.":[272],"by":[274,329],"clock":[280],"synchronization":[281],"equipment":[282],"(NTP":[283],"server),":[284],"it":[285],"found":[287],"that":[288,324],"latencies":[291,304,341],"were":[295,308,327],"range":[298,314,350],"488ms":[300],"\u2013":[301,317],"850ms,":[302],"while":[303],"measured":[309],"be":[311,344],"558ms":[316],"1211ms.":[318],"note":[323],"values":[326],"obtained":[328],"(off\u2010the\u2010shelf)":[333],"they":[337],"represent":[338],"actual":[340],"might":[343],"experienced":[345],"during":[346],"long":[349],"across":[352],"international":[353],"territory":[354],"borders.":[355]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}