{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2804729453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7805408","title":"Gleer: A Novel Gini\u2010Based Energy Balancing Scheme for Mobile Botnet Retopology","display_name":"Gleer: A Novel Gini\u2010Based Energy Balancing Scheme for Mobile Botnet Retopology","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2804729453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7805408","mag":"2804729453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/7805408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7805408","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/7805408.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/7805408.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773308","display_name":"Yichuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6575-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yichuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063723140","display_name":"Yefei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yefei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038878907","display_name":"Wenjiang Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjiang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103029948","display_name":"Lei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5925-5743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023387787","display_name":"Yanxiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-5143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanxiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi' an University of Technology, Xi' an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100773308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06337551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.8784990310668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7980599999427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.678220808506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5382463932037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4636223614215851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4367738366127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42544856667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.41435953974723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3401702344417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.10346314311027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07813951373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0651656985282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0646548867225647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.8784990310668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7980599999427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.678220808506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5382463932037354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4636223614215851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4367738366127014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42544856667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41435953974723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3401702344417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.10346314311027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07813951373100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0651656985282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0646548867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/7805408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7805408","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/7805408.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09deafb19cea4b1fbfe9bc14a2baf73a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09deafb19cea4b1fbfe9bc14a2baf73a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/7805408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7805408","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/7805408.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1017680529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U133421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1542508541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1550093238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3362810719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017JQ6020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009049029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Startup","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4517276586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1334211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G505388671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JK1573","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G52678893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702411","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7221012831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1534208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G731004350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"112-451016007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325573","funder_display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8520155327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"112-256081504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325573","funder_display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325573","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804729453.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2804729453.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517918327","https://openalex.org/W1522039471","https://openalex.org/W1593031142","https://openalex.org/W1599476119","https://openalex.org/W1968625510","https://openalex.org/W1989218206","https://openalex.org/W2014477168","https://openalex.org/W2033775679","https://openalex.org/W2038563874","https://openalex.org/W2058314598","https://openalex.org/W2059869761","https://openalex.org/W2070352186","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106380910","https://openalex.org/W2116668505","https://openalex.org/W2118000750","https://openalex.org/W2127172033","https://openalex.org/W2132683645","https://openalex.org/W2155492251","https://openalex.org/W2215012235","https://openalex.org/W2234146660","https://openalex.org/W2248421617","https://openalex.org/W2337556692","https://openalex.org/W2391165339","https://openalex.org/W2421130936","https://openalex.org/W2464879176","https://openalex.org/W2498143552","https://openalex.org/W2530358758","https://openalex.org/W2567129458","https://openalex.org/W2570398859","https://openalex.org/W2576378911","https://openalex.org/W2582625700","https://openalex.org/W2589445910","https://openalex.org/W2602502610","https://openalex.org/W2603982773","https://openalex.org/W6711827830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3187581118","https://openalex.org/W2938399969","https://openalex.org/W2616994865","https://openalex.org/W3143747655","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W2901835651","https://openalex.org/W2883616266","https://openalex.org/W4293061881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"botnet":[1,112,142,155],"has":[2],"recently":[3],"evolved":[4],"due":[5],"to":[6,40,46,62,97,110,116,123],"the":[7,32,52,72,81,93,105,118,141,146,152,168,174],"rapid":[8],"growth":[9],"of":[10,55,80,148,154,176],"smartphone":[11],"technologies.":[12],"Unlike":[13],"legacy":[14],"botnets,":[15],"mobile":[16,44,84],"devices":[17],"are":[18],"characterized":[19],"by":[20],"limited":[21],"power":[22],"capacity,":[23],"calculation":[24],"capabilities,":[25],"and":[26,36,50,115,144,164],"wide":[27],"communication":[28,37],"methods.":[29],"As":[30],"such,":[31],"logical":[33],"topology":[34],"structure":[35],"mode":[38],"have":[39],"be":[41,124],"redesigned":[42],"for":[43,71,87,120],"botnets":[45],"narrow":[47],"energy":[48,67,95,113],"gap":[49,114],"lower":[51],"reduction":[53,147,175],"speed":[54],"nodes.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,91],"try":[61],"design":[63],"a":[64,77,127],"novel":[65],"Gini\u2010based":[66],"balancing":[68],"scheme":[69,158,170],"(Gleer)":[70],"atomic":[73,99],"network,":[74],"which":[75],"is":[76,108,159],"fundamental":[78],"component":[79],"heterogeneous":[82],"multilayer":[83],"botnet.":[85],"Firstly,":[86],"each":[88,121],"operation":[89],"cycle,":[90],"utilize":[92],"dynamic":[94],"threshold":[96],"categorize":[98],"network":[100,149],"into":[101],"two":[102],"groups.":[103],"Then,":[104],"Gini":[106],"coefficient":[107],"introduced":[109],"estimate":[111],"regulate":[117],"probability":[119],"node":[122],"picked":[125],"as":[126],"region":[128],"C&C":[129],"server.":[130],"Experimental":[131],"results":[132,165],"indicate":[133],"that":[134,167],"our":[135],"proposed":[136,169],"method":[137],"can":[138],"effectively":[139],"prolong":[140],"lifetime":[143],"prevent":[145],"size.":[150],"Meanwhile,":[151],"stealthiness":[153],"with":[156],"Gleer":[157],"analyzed":[160],"from":[161],"users\u2019":[162],"perspective,":[163],"show":[166],"works":[171],"well":[172],"in":[173],"user\u2019":[177],"detection":[178],"awareness.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}