{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2778496191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6747098","title":"Handwritten Bangla Character Recognition Using the State-of-the-Art Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Handwritten Bangla Character Recognition Using the State-of-the-Art Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2778496191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6747098","mag":"2778496191","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30224913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/6747098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6747098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2018/6747098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2018/6747098.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083608547","display_name":"Md Zahangir Alom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2314-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Zahangir Alom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103791431","display_name":"Peherding Sidike","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paheding Sidike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729756","display_name":"Mahmudul Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6834-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800752714","display_name":"Comcast (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sgxyw28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800752714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmudul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Comcast Labs, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Comcast Labs, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800752714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041037008","display_name":"Tark M. Taha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarek M. Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061050831","display_name":"Vijayan K. Asari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3751-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijayan K. Asari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083608547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.9573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80260708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.8373012542724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7898881435394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.7781344056129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7296911478042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7154343128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6098323464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neocognitron","display_name":"Neocognitron","score":0.5780176520347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5658800601959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5578229427337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5136115550994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4971151649951935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4933857023715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.47110798954963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43447208404541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4286383390426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3755957782268524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3605961501598358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.242704838514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06942704319953918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.8373012542724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7898881435394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.7781344056129456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7296911478042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7154343128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6098323464393616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121144440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669754","display_name":"Neocognitron","level":4,"score":0.5780176520347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5658800601959229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5578229427337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5136115550994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4971151649951935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4933857023715973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47110798954963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43447208404541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4286383390426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3755957782268524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3605961501598358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.242704838514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06942704319953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/6747098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6747098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2018/6747098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30224913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30224913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1712.09872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1712.09872","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.09872","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2778496191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.09872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5089708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6129853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1712.09872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.09872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/6747098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6747098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2018/6747098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2778496191.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2778496191.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W755956977","https://openalex.org/W1497265063","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1668690069","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1918392599","https://openalex.org/W1968677253","https://openalex.org/W1978426462","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W1986216697","https://openalex.org/W2012041290","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2023576919","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2044943596","https://openalex.org/W2050953139","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2101926813","https://openalex.org/W2108053507","https://openalex.org/W2111364271","https://openalex.org/W2111939581","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113325037","https://openalex.org/W2116128970","https://openalex.org/W2117356902","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2132424367","https://openalex.org/W2135306864","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2139322244","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2158957762","https://openalex.org/W2168893862","https://openalex.org/W2179290474","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2345010043","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2533800772","https://openalex.org/W2545058703","https://openalex.org/W2610157343","https://openalex.org/W2613140201","https://openalex.org/W2733343268","https://openalex.org/W2761004327","https://openalex.org/W2766574478","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2962706528","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2963975324","https://openalex.org/W4231109964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963123666","https://openalex.org/W2613140201","https://openalex.org/W2979533666","https://openalex.org/W2939633972","https://openalex.org/W755956977","https://openalex.org/W2811354442","https://openalex.org/W3112373556","https://openalex.org/W3177421388","https://openalex.org/W3151571032","https://openalex.org/W2777699623","https://openalex.org/W3131661291","https://openalex.org/W3112884630","https://openalex.org/W3169773055","https://openalex.org/W3188994751","https://openalex.org/W3004084020","https://openalex.org/W3176034430","https://openalex.org/W1936422054","https://openalex.org/W3154703026","https://openalex.org/W2571065915","https://openalex.org/W2561176188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,47],"spite":[1],"of":[2,20,52,68,76,96,108],"advances":[3],"in":[4,41],"object":[5,99,116],"recognition":[6,11,117],"technology,":[7],"handwritten":[8,23],"Bangla":[9,28],"character":[10],"(HBCR)":[12],"remains":[13],"largely":[14],"unsolved":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,38,45,98],"the":[18,53,66,105,113],"presence":[19],"many":[21,31],"ambiguous":[22],"characters":[24],"and":[25,62,89],"excessively":[26],"cursive":[27],"handwritings.":[29],"Even":[30],"advanced":[32],"existing":[33],"methods":[34],"do":[35],"not":[36],"lead":[37],"satisfactory":[39],"performance":[40,64,107],"practice":[42],"that":[43,80],"related":[44],"HBCR.":[46],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"a":[50,93,124],"set":[51],"state-of-the-art":[54],"deep":[55],"convolutional":[56],"neural":[57],"networks":[58],"(DCNNs)":[59],"is":[60,70,79],"discussed":[61],"their":[63],"on":[65],"application":[67],"HBCR":[69,131],"systematically":[71],"evaluated.":[72],"The":[73,101],"main":[74],"advantage":[75],"DCNN":[77,109,121],"approaches":[78],"they":[81],"can":[82,122],"extract":[83],"discriminative":[84],"features":[85],"from":[86],"raw":[87],"data":[88],"represent":[90],"them":[91],"with":[92,112],"high":[94],"degree":[95],"invariance":[97],"distortions.":[100],"experimental":[102],"results":[103],"show":[104],"superior":[106],"models":[110],"compared":[111],"other":[114],"popular":[115],"approaches,":[118],"which":[119],"implies":[120],"be":[123],"good":[125],"candidate":[126],"for":[127,133],"building":[128],"an":[129],"automatic":[130],"system":[132],"practical":[134],"applications.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}