{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795715980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6593037","title":"A GTCC-Based Underwater HMM Target Classifier with Fading Channel Compensation","display_name":"A GTCC-Based Underwater HMM Target Classifier with Fading Channel Compensation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795715980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6593037","mag":"2795715980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/6593037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6593037","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/6593037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/6593037.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053041537","display_name":"Shameer K. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-9116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111575329","display_name":"Bharathiar University","ror":"https://ror.org/04fht8c22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111575329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shameer K. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research & Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111575329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085471417","display_name":"Supriya M. Hariharan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20497027","display_name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4kqq17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20497027"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Supriya M. Hariharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20497027"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035291123","display_name":"Suraj Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-0155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20497027","display_name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4kqq17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20497027"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suraj Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20497027"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053041537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111575329"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67913115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6701416969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6320605874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6215137243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6130180358886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5525116324424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5101633071899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.4927118122577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4891844093799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.47204267978668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4664577543735504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4662448763847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.45357927680015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.43802139163017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.39416226744651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.28341618180274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12469732761383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10747236013412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07655230164527893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6701416969299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6320605874061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6215137243270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6130180358886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5525116324424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5101633071899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.4927118122577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4891844093799591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.47204267978668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4664577543735504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4662448763847351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.45357927680015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.43802139163017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39416226744651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.28341618180274963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12469732761383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10747236013412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07655230164527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/6593037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6593037","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/6593037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a81380b569294a34b8592bad0fbd820b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a81380b569294a34b8592bad0fbd820b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/6593037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6593037","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/6593037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321026","display_name":"Ministry of Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/013cf5k59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321573","display_name":"Cochin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4kqq17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334776","display_name":"Naval Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/01a2pr469"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337012","display_name":"Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795715980.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795715980.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978274651","https://openalex.org/W2009328438","https://openalex.org/W2012599869","https://openalex.org/W2015588496","https://openalex.org/W2033513588","https://openalex.org/W2069976350","https://openalex.org/W2072813122","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2128653836","https://openalex.org/W2133152960","https://openalex.org/W2154728678","https://openalex.org/W2157293015","https://openalex.org/W2169724058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2120897947","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W1865172210","https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2546021431","https://openalex.org/W2581127593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"acoustic":[1,39],"target":[2,40,72,170],"classifiers":[3,115],"are":[4,34,184],"found":[5],"to":[6],"have":[7],"many":[8],"applications":[9],"in":[10,58,70,99,137,162,186],"military":[11],"and":[12,28,47,85,110,119,181],"security":[13],"areas":[14],"where":[15],"a":[16],"higher":[17],"degree":[18],"of":[19,66,88,93,126,159,173],"prediction":[20],"accuracy":[21],"is":[22,56,76,122,146,166],"needed":[23],"that":[24,55,125],"makes":[25],"classifier":[26,132,161],"efficiency":[27],"reliability":[29],"an":[30,150],"interesting":[31],"subject.":[32],"Classifiers":[33],"often":[35],"trained":[36],"with":[37,42,49,101,124,168],"known":[38],"specimens":[41],"their":[43],"characteristic":[44],"feature":[45,128],"set":[46],"tested":[48],"measurements":[50],"obtained":[51],"from":[52],"the":[53,59,82,89,94,102,144,160,174,182],"sonar":[54],"deployed":[57],"surveillance":[60],"or":[61],"observation":[62],"zone.":[63],"The":[64,91,131,157],"selection":[65],"source-specific":[67],"deterministic":[68],"features":[69],"automatic":[71],"recognition":[73],"(ATR)":[74],"system":[75],"very":[77],"significant,":[78],"since":[79],"it":[80],"determines":[81],"reliability,":[83],"efficiency,":[84],"success":[86],"rate":[87],"classifier.":[90],"robustness":[92],"gammatone":[95],"cepstral":[96],"coefficients":[97],"(GTCC)":[98],"combination":[100],"statistical":[103],"Euclidean":[104],"distance,":[105],"artificial":[106],"neural":[107],"network":[108],"(ANN),":[109],"hidden":[111],"Markov":[112],"model":[113],"(HMM)":[114],"has":[116,134],"been":[117,135],"investigated,":[118,167],"its":[120],"performance":[121,133,145,158],"compared":[123],"other":[127],"extraction":[129],"schemes.":[130],"analyzed":[136],"Rayleigh":[138,153],"fading":[139,154],"conditions,":[140],"based":[141],"on":[142],"which":[143],"enhanced":[147],"by":[148],"incorporating":[149],"autoregressive":[151],"(AR)":[152],"channel":[155],"compensation.":[156],"different":[163],"operating":[164],"conditions":[165],"underwater":[169],"signals":[171],"consisting":[172],"real":[175],"field":[176],"data":[177],"collected":[178],"during":[179],"expedition,":[180],"results":[183],"presented":[185],"this":[187],"paper.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
