{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792902669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4968391","title":"A 3.22\u20135.45\u2009GHz and 199\u2009dBc/Hz FoMT CMOS Complementary Class\u2010C DCO","display_name":"A 3.22\u20135.45\u2009GHz and 199\u2009dBc/Hz FoMT CMOS Complementary Class\u2010C DCO","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792902669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4968391","mag":"2792902669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4968391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4968391","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4968391.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4968391.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058513921","display_name":"Lei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8730-2428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083182163","display_name":"Na Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-404X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Na Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7012-404X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112364431","display_name":"Sizheng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000566724","display_name":"Yangzi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangzi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055362528","display_name":"Hao Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5673-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083182163"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02393073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.9337891340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.7802343368530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7285610437393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6686123609542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.586764931678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5624961853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5325689911842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.46396932005882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-capacitor","display_name":"Switched capacitor","score":0.45792752504348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.45754382014274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitally-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","score":0.4237716794013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4101382791996002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.38063865900039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36158865690231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3577246069908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3358771800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.31102293729782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12450182437896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-frequency-oscillator","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","score":0.10155898332595825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.9337891340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.7802343368530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7285610437393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6686123609542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.586764931678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5624961853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5325689911842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.46396932005882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103357873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572656","display_name":"Switched capacitor","level":4,"score":0.45792752504348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45754382014274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167872736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276224","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","level":5,"score":0.4237716794013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4101382791996002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.38063865900039673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36158865690231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3577246069908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3358771800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.31102293729782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12450182437896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120164764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705396","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","level":4,"score":0.10155898332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4968391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4968391","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4968391.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2c4213bf50b45678e565f8dba519832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2c4213bf50b45678e565f8dba519832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4968391","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4968391","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4968391.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2236240855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016ZX03001012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G683331712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61774048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7278294220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61574045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792902669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792902669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012967215","https://openalex.org/W2031540765","https://openalex.org/W2034121857","https://openalex.org/W2057889912","https://openalex.org/W2117974234","https://openalex.org/W2127188694","https://openalex.org/W2135143797","https://openalex.org/W2346049708","https://openalex.org/W2592613224","https://openalex.org/W2611384543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W2540766993","https://openalex.org/W2619153394","https://openalex.org/W2911266525","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2086169776","https://openalex.org/W2081457870","https://openalex.org/W1970939492","https://openalex.org/W2022376709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"implements":[2],"a":[3,58,73,105],"complementary":[4],"Class\u2010C":[5],"digitally":[6],"controlled":[7],"oscillator":[8],"(DCO)":[9],"with":[10,28,43,57,78,110],"differential":[11],"transistor":[12],"pairs.":[13],"The":[14,68,120],"transistors":[15],"are":[16],"dynamically":[17],"biased":[18],"by":[19],"feedback":[20],"loops":[21],"separately":[22],"benefiting":[23],"the":[24,47,93,111,133],"robust":[25],"oscillation":[26],"start\u2010up":[27],"low":[29],"power":[30,79],"consumption.":[31],"By":[32],"optimizing":[33],"three":[34],"switched":[35],"capacitor":[36,41],"arrays":[37],"and":[38,63,126],"employing":[39],"fractional":[40],"array":[42],"sigma\u2010delta":[44],"modulator":[45],"(SDM),":[46],"presented":[48],"DCO":[49],"operates":[50],"from":[51,104],"3.22":[52],"GHz":[53,56,107],"to":[54],"5.45":[55],"51.5%":[59],"frequency":[60,66,109,116,134],"tuning":[61,135],"range":[62],"0.1":[64],"ppm":[65],"resolution.":[67],"design":[69],"was":[70],"implemented":[71],"in":[72],"65":[74],"nm":[75],"CMOS":[76],"process":[77],"consumption":[80],"of":[81,117],"2.8":[82],"mA":[83],"at":[84,100],"1.2":[85],"V":[86],"voltage":[87],"supply.":[88],"Measurement":[89],"results":[90],"show":[91],"that":[92],"phase":[94],"noise":[95],"is":[96],"about":[97],"\u2212126":[98],"dBc/Hz":[99,125],"3":[101,114],"MHz":[102],"offset":[103],"5.054":[106],"carrier":[108],"1/":[112],"f":[113],"corner":[115],"260":[118],"KHz.":[119],"resulting":[121],"FoMT":[122],"achieves":[123],"199.4":[124],"varies":[127],"less":[128],"than":[129],"2":[130],"dB":[131],"across":[132],"range.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}