{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2894492693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019858","title":"A Multidomain Standards\u2010Based Fog Computing Architecture for Smart Cities","display_name":"A Multidomain Standards\u2010Based Fog Computing Architecture for Smart Cities","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2894492693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019858","mag":"2894492693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4019858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019858","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4019858.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4019858.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041964952","display_name":"V\u00edctor Ramp\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-2171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V\u00edctor Ramp\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-2171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047908403","display_name":"Javier Soriano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-8708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Soriano","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid, Spain","School of Computer Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6272-8708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Universidad Politcnica de Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061909873","display_name":"David Lizcano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138847295","display_name":"Universitat Oberta de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5wp925","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201025148","display_name":"Universidade Aberta","ror":"https://ror.org/02rv3w387","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201025148"]}],"countries":["ES","PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Lizcano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Open University of Madrid, Spain","Open University of Madrid"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-5237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138847295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open University of Madrid","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201025148"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061909873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138847295","https://openalex.org/I201025148"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":1.3835,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83753354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8978776335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.7351515293121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.5790882706642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4298498034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4244171380996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3007032871246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24530068039894104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8978776335716248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.7351515293121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.5790882706642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4298498034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4244171380996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3007032871246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24530068039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4019858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019858","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4019858.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c237ede209ce439385a1f0e55f6a238f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c237ede209ce439385a1f0e55f6a238f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4019858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019858","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wcmc/2018/4019858.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S235346","display_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1530-8669","issn":["1530-8669","1530-8677"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3041458597","display_name":"Bringing FIWARE to the NEXT step","funder_award_id":"732851","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4896594395","display_name":"FI-WARE: Future Internet Core Platform","funder_award_id":"285248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8167130949","display_name":"Future Internet - Core","funder_award_id":"632893","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894492693.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2894492693.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974963036","https://openalex.org/W2010772936","https://openalex.org/W2038056158","https://openalex.org/W2091041528","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2125262761","https://openalex.org/W2153657167","https://openalex.org/W2156034528","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2286366981","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2484686629","https://openalex.org/W2578476290","https://openalex.org/W2581042172","https://openalex.org/W2581052556","https://openalex.org/W2581875150","https://openalex.org/W2594788700","https://openalex.org/W2737889100","https://openalex.org/W2755496926","https://openalex.org/W2771297847","https://openalex.org/W4233642475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W3120107203","https://openalex.org/W3159358326","https://openalex.org/W2905312593","https://openalex.org/W2038503502","https://openalex.org/W4390647609","https://openalex.org/W4210913893","https://openalex.org/W2990732744","https://openalex.org/W4381747553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"of":[1,27,36,44,60,64,79,102,107,130,165,171,213,243,254],"the":[2,51,61,90,100,103,108,126,158,163,166,169,186,210,230,236,244,252,255],"problems":[3],"arising":[4],"from":[5],"rapid":[6],"urbanization":[7],"and":[8,29,76,111,121,128,151,175,206,208,266],"urban":[9],"population":[10],"growth":[11],"can":[12,233],"be":[13,84,148,204],"solved":[14],"by":[15,24,240],"making":[16],"cities":[17,21,66,189,238],"\u201csmart\u201d.":[18],"These":[19],"smart":[20,65,188,224,237],"are":[22,113],"supported":[23],"large":[25,42],"networks":[26],"interconnected":[28],"widely":[30],"geo\u2010distributed":[31,77],"devices,":[32],"known":[33],"as":[34,68],"Internet":[35],"Things":[37],"or":[38],"IoT,":[39],"that":[40],"generate":[41],"volumes":[43],"data.":[45],"Traditionally,":[46],"cloud":[47,96],"computing":[48,92,97,142,246],"has":[49],"been":[50],"technology":[52],"used":[53],"to":[54,99,144,147,162,180,184,203],"support":[55],"this":[56,135],"infrastructure;":[57],"however,":[58],"some":[59],"essential":[62],"requirements":[63,239],"such":[67,80],"low\u2010latency,":[69],"mobility":[70],"support,":[71],"location\u2010awareness,":[72],"bandwidth":[73],"cost":[74],"savings,":[75],"nature":[78],"IoT":[81],"systems":[82],"cannot":[83],"met.":[85],"To":[86,133],"solve":[87],"these":[88,131,214],"problems,":[89],"fog":[91,141,245],"paradigm":[93],"proposes":[94],"extending":[95],"models":[98,120],"edge":[101,164],"network.":[104],"However,":[105],"most":[106],"proposed":[109,155,231,256],"architectures":[110],"frameworks":[112],"based":[114,196,259],"on":[115,197,260],"their":[116],"own":[117],"private":[118],"data":[119],"interfaces,":[122],"which":[123],"severely":[124],"reduce":[125,181],"openness":[127],"interoperability":[129],"solutions.":[132],"address":[134],"problem,":[136],"we":[137,191,217,249],"propose":[138,192],"a":[139,193,198,222],"standard\u2010based":[140],"architecture":[143,156,220,232],"enable":[145],"it":[146],"an":[149],"open":[150],"interoperable":[152],"solution.":[153],"The":[154],"moves":[157],"stream":[159],"processing":[160],"tasks":[161],"network":[167],"through":[168,221],"use":[170,226],"lightweight":[172],"context":[173,211],"brokers":[174],"Complex":[176],"Event":[177],"Processing":[178],"(CEP)":[179],"latency.":[182],"Moreover,":[183],"communicate":[185],"different":[187],"domains":[190],"Context":[194,257],"Broker":[195,258],"publish/subscribe":[199],"middleware":[200],"specially":[201],"designed":[202],"elastic":[205],"low\u2010latency":[207],"exploit":[209],"information":[212],"environments.":[215],"Additionally,":[216],"validate":[218],"our":[219],"real":[223],"city":[225],"case,":[227],"showing":[228],"how":[229],"successfully":[234],"meet":[235],"taking":[241],"advantage":[242],"approach.":[247],"Finally,":[248],"also":[250],"analyze":[251],"performance":[253],"microbenchmarking":[261],"results":[262],"for":[263],"latency,":[264],"throughput,":[265],"scalability.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
