{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809924268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019538","title":"A Review on the Extraction of Quantitative Retinal Microvascular Image Feature","display_name":"A Review on the Extraction of Quantitative Retinal Microvascular Image Feature","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809924268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019538","mag":"2809924268","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30065780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4019538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019538","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2018/4019538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2018/4019538.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066128140","display_name":"Kuryati Kipli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4103-0674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kuryati Kipli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4103-0674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034149192","display_name":"Mohammed Enamul Hoque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-8003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Enamul Hoque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024379032","display_name":"Lik Thai Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-9769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lik Thai Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025289751","display_name":"Muhammad Hamdi Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Hamdi Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007147049","display_name":"Siti Kudnie Sahari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Kudnie Sahari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-0359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057206183","display_name":"Rohana Sapawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-7384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohana Sapawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-7384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002498175","display_name":"Nordiana Rajaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-5833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nordiana Rajaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-5833","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104040411","display_name":"Annie Joseph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300 Kota Samarahan, Kuching, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066128140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":4.6761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95604103,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6282724142074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5978307723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5774953365325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5634379982948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5544374585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5527439117431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma","display_name":"Glaucoma","score":0.5524413585662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tortuosity","display_name":"Tortuosity","score":0.5301305651664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.49913573265075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.49110767245292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macular-degeneration","display_name":"Macular degeneration","score":0.48947465419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-processing","display_name":"Digital image processing","score":0.48354506492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.362213671207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27367717027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19804677367210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11444494128227234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6282724142074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5978307723999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5774953365325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5634379982948303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5544374585151672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5527439117431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.5524413585662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185250623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301683","display_name":"Tortuosity","level":3,"score":0.5301305651664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.49913573265075684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.49110767245292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.48947465419769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Digital image processing","level":4,"score":0.48354506492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.362213671207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27367717027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19804677367210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11444494128227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017709","descriptor_name":"Fractals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017709","descriptor_name":"Fractals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017709","descriptor_name":"Fractals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017709","descriptor_name":"Fractals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4019538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019538","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2018/4019538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30065780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30065780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.unimas.my:25506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400335","display_name":"Unimas Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sarawak)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I41461413","host_organization_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41461413"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b0d837cebf449bebf795ebb09fe9c25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b0d837cebf449bebf795ebb09fe9c25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5021314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6051289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6051289","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6051289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comput Math Methods Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/4019538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4019538","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2018/4019538.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2987343816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MyRA F02/SpSTG/1374/16/16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324896","funder_display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324896","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/05b307002"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809924268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809924268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8437397","https://openalex.org/W129890069","https://openalex.org/W353261369","https://openalex.org/W1480124154","https://openalex.org/W1579287100","https://openalex.org/W1870853477","https://openalex.org/W1915008606","https://openalex.org/W1971792362","https://openalex.org/W1976477653","https://openalex.org/W1978101457","https://openalex.org/W1991678930","https://openalex.org/W1993686771","https://openalex.org/W1996611778","https://openalex.org/W2001457150","https://openalex.org/W2001779866","https://openalex.org/W2001885074","https://openalex.org/W2002183879","https://openalex.org/W2002830640","https://openalex.org/W2005312687","https://openalex.org/W2005394924","https://openalex.org/W2008001703","https://openalex.org/W2011540186","https://openalex.org/W2014758602","https://openalex.org/W2024600467","https://openalex.org/W2028014788","https://openalex.org/W2030756257","https://openalex.org/W2032378081","https://openalex.org/W2033097030","https://openalex.org/W2036504612","https://openalex.org/W2037760632","https://openalex.org/W2037761629","https://openalex.org/W2038693857","https://openalex.org/W2040377317","https://openalex.org/W2042497109","https://openalex.org/W2050576350","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2051834526","https://openalex.org/W2059036143","https://openalex.org/W2066975985","https://openalex.org/W2069249829","https://openalex.org/W2069681180","https://openalex.org/W2069951134","https://openalex.org/W2078878432","https://openalex.org/W2084041672","https://openalex.org/W2084212138","https://openalex.org/W2086307461","https://openalex.org/W2086916172","https://openalex.org/W2091679813","https://openalex.org/W2092196534","https://openalex.org/W2092654862","https://openalex.org/W2093947136","https://openalex.org/W2101866468","https://openalex.org/W2104195344","https://openalex.org/W2104324599","https://openalex.org/W2109252993","https://openalex.org/W2110304763","https://openalex.org/W2110440340","https://openalex.org/W2114068048","https://openalex.org/W2115680416","https://openalex.org/W2117935664","https://openalex.org/W2125956239","https://openalex.org/W2127274662","https://openalex.org/W2127302541","https://openalex.org/W2128685600","https://openalex.org/W2132519114","https://openalex.org/W2134119640","https://openalex.org/W2135732838","https://openalex.org/W2140139548","https://openalex.org/W2140405890","https://openalex.org/W2147181319","https://openalex.org/W2148466289","https://openalex.org/W2151143109","https://openalex.org/W2152063743","https://openalex.org/W2152263083","https://openalex.org/W2155122478","https://openalex.org/W2156273918","https://openalex.org/W2158518042","https://openalex.org/W2159346475","https://openalex.org/W2162426307","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2163344010","https://openalex.org/W2165462885","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W2167349140","https://openalex.org/W2169736040","https://openalex.org/W2170092083","https://openalex.org/W2171257566","https://openalex.org/W2171459511","https://openalex.org/W2171857332","https://openalex.org/W2199106471","https://openalex.org/W2288628943","https://openalex.org/W2330329324","https://openalex.org/W2336479523","https://openalex.org/W2480826042","https://openalex.org/W2509201170","https://openalex.org/W2526666881","https://openalex.org/W2539154683","https://openalex.org/W2576531595","https://openalex.org/W2580503967","https://openalex.org/W2600530137","https://openalex.org/W2622457363","https://openalex.org/W2625133128","https://openalex.org/W2738328909","https://openalex.org/W2750113637","https://openalex.org/W3126012224","https://openalex.org/W4211231996","https://openalex.org/W4297361292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W1979866946","https://openalex.org/W4226141369","https://openalex.org/W2413307231","https://openalex.org/W4361800274","https://openalex.org/W4296525407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"image":[1,27,63,89,155],"processing":[2,28],"is":[3,126],"one":[4],"of":[5,159,175],"the":[6,17,154,160,172],"most":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9,58,132],"computer":[10],"vision":[11,33],"technologies":[12],"in":[13,39,50,133,141],"biomedical":[14,51],"engineering.":[15],"In":[16],"present":[18,143],"modern":[19],"ophthalmological":[20],"practice,":[21],"biomarkers":[22],"analysis":[23,29],"through":[24],"digital":[25,88],"fundus":[26,87],"greatly":[30],"contributes":[31],"to":[32,46,59,64,100,130],"science.":[34],"This":[35,146],"further":[36],"facilitates":[37],"developments":[38],"medical":[40],"imaging,":[41],"enabling":[42],"this":[43,122,142],"robust":[44],"technology":[45],"attain":[47],"extensive":[48],"scopes":[49],"engineering":[52],"platform.":[53],"Various":[54],"diagnostic":[55],"techniques":[56,158],"are":[57,139],"analyze":[60],"retinal":[61,96,162],"microvasculature":[62],"enable":[65],"geometric":[66],"features":[67,90,169],"measurements":[68],"such":[69,103],"as":[70,104],"vessel":[71,77],"tortuosity,":[72],"branching":[73,75],"angles,":[74],"coefficient,":[76],"diameter,":[78],"and":[79,93,116,137],"fractal":[80],"dimension.":[81],"These":[82],"extracted":[83],"markers":[84],"or":[85,179],"characterized":[86],"provide":[91],"insights":[92],"relates":[94],"quantitative":[95,161],"vascular":[97],"topography":[98],"abnormalities":[99],"various":[101],"pathologies":[102],"diabetic":[105],"retinopathy,":[106,110],"macular":[107],"degeneration,":[108],"hypertensive":[109],"transient":[111,176],"ischemic":[112,177],"attack,":[113],"neovascular":[114],"glaucoma,":[115],"cardiovascular":[117],"diseases.":[118],"Apart":[119],"from":[120],"that,":[121],"noninvasive":[123],"research":[124,152],"tool":[125],"automated,":[127],"allowing":[128],"it":[129],"be":[131],"large-scale":[134],"screening":[135],"programs,":[136],"all":[138],"described":[140],"review":[144,150],"paper.":[145],"paper":[147],"will":[148],"also":[149],"recent":[151],"on":[153,168],"processing-based":[156],"extraction":[157],"microvascular":[163],"feature.":[164],"It":[165],"mainly":[166],"focuses":[167],"associated":[170],"with":[171],"early":[173],"symptom":[174],"attack":[178],"sharp":[180],"stroke.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
