{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893314552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3715372","title":"A Novel Non-Line-of-Sight Indoor Localization Method for Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"A Novel Non-Line-of-Sight Indoor Localization Method for Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893314552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3715372","mag":"2893314552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/3715372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3715372","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/3715372.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/3715372.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100775455","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-8613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052844414","display_name":"Xuehan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-7662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuehan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087141784","display_name":"Long Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-7838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Long Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-7838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087141784","https://openalex.org/A5100775455"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2375,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"apc_paid":{"value":2375,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"fwci":0.8904,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73844932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9965536594390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6472655534744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6418839693069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6274840831756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5147435665130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5136248469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4797459840774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.44802507758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4253641963005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27459046244621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22831305861473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2254645824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16589730978012085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9965536594390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6472655534744263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6418839693069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6274840831756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5147435665130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5136248469352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4797459840774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.44802507758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4253641963005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27459046244621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22831305861473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2254645824432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16589730978012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/3715372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3715372","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/3715372.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5f2857afc19429f9096245d7b731eed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5f2857afc19429f9096245d7b731eed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/3715372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3715372","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/3715372.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2024481045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2016501080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2844592170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2016501080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3745883992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3966215232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N172304024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4027793443","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N152302001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G542561819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N172304024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5768550866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6649385296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N172304024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6661458663","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2016501080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8562705900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N152302001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8751859065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61803077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G918643981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N152302001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2893314552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2893314552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995875503","https://openalex.org/W2062276424","https://openalex.org/W2064362455","https://openalex.org/W2067828123","https://openalex.org/W2076533039","https://openalex.org/W2094938347","https://openalex.org/W2114789365","https://openalex.org/W2115833435","https://openalex.org/W2124618119","https://openalex.org/W2140269300","https://openalex.org/W2149707161","https://openalex.org/W2150470808","https://openalex.org/W2154295490","https://openalex.org/W2319305757","https://openalex.org/W2346169363","https://openalex.org/W2513636358","https://openalex.org/W2766712409","https://openalex.org/W2775990209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W2003817535","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W2218045119","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W2110478555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73],"localization":[1,51,60,107],"technology":[2],"is":[3,16,80,90],"the":[4,19,68,84,87,93,101,106,112,124,134,141,148],"essential":[5],"requirement":[6],"of":[7,18,70,75,126,150],"constructing":[8],"a":[9,58,117],"smart":[10,13],"building":[11],"and":[12,110],"city.":[14],"It":[15],"one":[17],"most":[20],"important":[21],"technologies":[22],"for":[23],"wireless":[24],"sensor":[25],"networks":[26],"(WSNs).":[27],"However,":[28],"when":[29],"WSNs":[30],"are":[31],"deployed":[32],"in":[33,40],"harsh":[34],"indoor":[35],"environments,":[36],"obstacles":[37],"can":[38,48],"result":[39],"non-line-of-sight":[41],"(NLOS)":[42],"propagation.":[43],"In":[44,53],"addition,":[45],"NLOS":[46,59,71,88,151],"propagation":[47,143],"seriously":[49],"reduce":[50,67],"accuracy.":[52],"this":[54,98],"paper,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"method":[61,121,136],"based":[62],"on":[63],"residual":[64,94],"analysis":[65,95],"to":[66,82,104,122],"influence":[69,149],"error.":[72,152],"time":[74],"arrival":[76],"(TOA)":[77],"measurement":[78,89],"model":[79],"used":[81],"estimate":[83],"distance.":[85],"Then,":[86],"identified":[91],"through":[92],"method.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"paper":[99],"uses":[100],"LOS":[102],"measurements":[103],"establish":[105],"objective":[108],"function":[109],"proposes":[111],"particle":[113],"swarm":[114],"optimization":[115],"with":[116],"constriction":[118],"factor":[119],"(PSO-C)":[120],"compute":[123],"position":[125],"an":[127],"unknown":[128],"node.":[129],"Simulation":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133],"proposed":[135],"not":[137],"only":[138],"effectively":[139],"identifies":[140],"LOS/NLOS":[142],"condition":[144],"but":[145],"also":[146],"reduces":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}