{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883925306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2507293","title":"Street-Level Landmark Evaluation Based on Nearest Routers","display_name":"Street-Level Landmark Evaluation Based on Nearest Routers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883925306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2507293","mag":"2883925306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/2507293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2507293","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2018/2507293.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2018/2507293.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745101","display_name":"Ruixiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-2392"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9474-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101596322","display_name":"Yuchen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-0436"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006225811","display_name":"Jianwei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6878-2198"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089108915","display_name":"Te Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-6160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Te Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090509213","display_name":"Xiangyang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-4649"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3225-4649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090509213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":1.2561,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.808933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9682490825653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.8273351192474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7741103172302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.6136252880096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.4882824420928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.44755035638809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.42467597126960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4195875823497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37740665674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35480719804763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21951702237129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12725180387496948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9682490825653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.8273351192474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7741103172302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.6136252880096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4882824420928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.44755035638809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.42467597126960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4195875823497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37740665674209595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35480719804763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21951702237129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12725180387496948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/2507293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2507293","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2018/2507293.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4cac4b891f54bd0a223146f547135d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4cac4b891f54bd0a223146f547135d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/2507293","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2507293","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/scn/2018/2507293.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120683614","display_name":"Security and Communication Networks","issn_l":"1939-0114","issn":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Communication Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2310806010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602508","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2622340190","display_name":"\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u53ef\u9006\u56fe\u50cf\u4fe1\u606f\u9690\u85cf\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61572052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3697508340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0801303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G384234166","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JR0018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4380636931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"162102210032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4818035298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016QY01W0105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G546264426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7118790729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JR0018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","funder_display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7865791582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883925306.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883925306.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304061488","https://openalex.org/W848445526","https://openalex.org/W2072334238","https://openalex.org/W2130850880","https://openalex.org/W2409494635","https://openalex.org/W2484357102","https://openalex.org/W2593087679","https://openalex.org/W2757128688","https://openalex.org/W2781513756","https://openalex.org/W2782477571","https://openalex.org/W2793196814","https://openalex.org/W2793291280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163194970","https://openalex.org/W3105229732","https://openalex.org/W2056853153","https://openalex.org/W2057559274","https://openalex.org/W2799094075","https://openalex.org/W2026924879","https://openalex.org/W1942056965","https://openalex.org/W2231525311","https://openalex.org/W3140966396","https://openalex.org/W2033613212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"reliable":[1],"street-level":[2,20,27],"landmarks":[3,65,112],"are":[4,66],"the":[5,19,50,63,74,108,136],"basis":[6],"of":[7,53,111,150],"IP":[8,59],"geolocation,":[9],"but":[10],"landmark":[11,28,55,83],"evaluation":[12,29,126],"methods":[13],"having":[14],"been":[15],"proposed":[16],"cannot":[17],"evaluate":[18],"landmarks.":[21,106,146],"Therefore,":[22],"in":[23,115,153],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"a":[26,47],"method":[30],"based":[31,118,130],"on":[32,119,131],"nearest":[33,71,86],"router":[34,87],"is":[35,41,56,77,94,113,128,155],"proposed.":[36],"The":[37,147],"location":[38,52,60],"organization":[39],"declared":[40,51],"regarded":[42],"as":[43],"an":[44],"area":[45],"not":[46],"point.":[48],"Firstly,":[49],"preevaluated":[54,64,133],"verified":[57],"by":[58,88],"databases.":[61],"Secondly,":[62],"grouped":[67],"according":[68],"to":[69,159],"their":[70],"router.":[72],"Then,":[73],"distance":[75,97,103],"constraint":[76],"obtained":[78],"using":[79,144],"delay":[80],"value":[81,110],"between":[82,104],"and":[84,102,122,135],"its":[85],"delay-distance":[89],"correlation.":[90],"And":[91],"relation":[92],"model":[93,121],"established":[95],"among":[96],"constraint,":[98],"organization\u2019s":[99],"region":[100],"radius,":[101],"two":[105],"Finally,":[107],"reliability":[109],"calculated":[114],"each":[116],"group":[117],"relational":[120],"binomial":[123],"distribution.":[124],"Landmarks":[125],"experiment":[127],"taken":[129],"7082":[132],"landmarks,":[134],"results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"geolocation":[140],"errors":[141],"decrease":[142],"obviously":[143],"evaluated":[145],"mean":[148],"error":[149],"100":[151],"targets":[152],"Shanghai":[154],"reduced":[156],"from":[157],"7.832km":[158],"2.185km.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
