{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889826653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2082037","title":"The Silent Cooperator: An Epigenetic Model for Emergence of Altruistic Traits in Biological Systems","display_name":"The Silent Cooperator: An Epigenetic Model for Emergence of Altruistic Traits in Biological Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889826653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2082037","mag":"2889826653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/2082037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2082037","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/2082037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/2082037.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037349727","display_name":"Ihab Hashem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Hashem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038345028","display_name":"Dries Telen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Telen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038131502","display_name":"Philippe Nimmegeers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-7694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Nimmegeers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003764514","display_name":"Jan Van Impe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-1638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Van Impe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-1638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, KU Leuven, BioTeC and OPTEC, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003764514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"apc_paid":{"value":2300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2300},"fwci":0.5695,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78750422,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2018","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organism","display_name":"Organism","score":0.6118554472923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.608994722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4912247061729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-game-theory","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","score":0.4621252715587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.4565455913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4475284218788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3751414120197296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","score":0.3751145601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.30015426874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.21808436512947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.20226448774337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.18155992031097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16621822118759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1537613868713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.13534274697303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.10827189683914185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.6118554472923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.608994722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4912247061729431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2298789","display_name":"Evolutionary game theory","level":3,"score":0.4621252715587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.4565455913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4475284218788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3751414120197296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.3751145601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.30015426874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.21808436512947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.20226448774337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18155992031097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16621822118759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1537613868713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13534274697303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10827189683914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/2082037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2082037","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/2082037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/689156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/689156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, vol. 2018, Art.No. 2082037","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:c:irua:172977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401849","display_name":"Institutional Repository University of Antwerp (University of Antwerp)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","host_organization_name":"University of Antwerp","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:complx:2082037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/8503/2018/2082037.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f5fb0dac0fa450bb7527ebba87dca3e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f5fb0dac0fa450bb7527ebba87dca3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Complexity, Vol 2018 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2018/2082037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2082037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400340","display_name":"Hindawi Journal of Chemistry (Hindawi)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210126990","host_organization_name":"Hindawi (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Research Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2018/2082037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2082037","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/2082037.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207319443","display_name":"Complexity","issn_l":"1076-2787","issn":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Complexity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2200671779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VII/19 DYSCO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","funder_display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G320933022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G.0930.13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G485065284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PFV/10/002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","funder_display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6182351167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PFV/10/002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8829997307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PFV/10/002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","funder_display_name":"KU Leuven"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321454","display_name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","ror":"https://ror.org/01fapfv42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889826653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889826653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486183464","https://openalex.org/W1851737710","https://openalex.org/W1994192766","https://openalex.org/W1996014015","https://openalex.org/W2007337496","https://openalex.org/W2010727640","https://openalex.org/W2025490132","https://openalex.org/W2056014573","https://openalex.org/W2061357247","https://openalex.org/W2072806150","https://openalex.org/W2081938446","https://openalex.org/W2098621048","https://openalex.org/W2109183238","https://openalex.org/W2123105630","https://openalex.org/W2152195140","https://openalex.org/W2153373747","https://openalex.org/W2155595251","https://openalex.org/W2161112276","https://openalex.org/W2163152464","https://openalex.org/W2168860582","https://openalex.org/W2169258361","https://openalex.org/W2170090443","https://openalex.org/W2204433691","https://openalex.org/W2240785177","https://openalex.org/W2282768449","https://openalex.org/W2304223632","https://openalex.org/W2343359885","https://openalex.org/W2477173528","https://openalex.org/W2495019760","https://openalex.org/W2626755003","https://openalex.org/W4251304755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388808575","https://openalex.org/W2505734641","https://openalex.org/W2131463044","https://openalex.org/W2374666693","https://openalex.org/W1966422684","https://openalex.org/W2380020769","https://openalex.org/W2611659488","https://openalex.org/W2325817968","https://openalex.org/W2108913771","https://openalex.org/W1503189112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"evolutionary":[1],"game":[2],"theory":[3],"explains":[4],"how":[5,82,108],"cooperative":[6,45],"traits":[7],"can":[8,84,106,160],"survive":[9],"the":[10,17,28,34,79,91,111,189],"intense":[11],"competition":[12],"in":[13,50,59,86,90,119,196],"biological":[14,88,197],"systems.":[15,198],"If":[16],"spatial":[18],"distribution":[19],"allows":[20],"cooperators":[21],"to":[22,37,47,55,64,135,171,188],"interact":[23],"with":[24],"each":[25],"other":[26],"frequently,":[27],"benefits":[29],"of":[30,69,81,192,194],"cooperation":[31,83,195],"will":[32],"outweigh":[33],"losses":[35],"due":[36],"exploitation":[38],"by":[39],"selfish":[40],"organisms.":[41],"However,":[42],"for":[43],"a":[44,51,60,66,87,96,121,137,146,164,185],"behavior":[46],"get":[48],"established":[49],"system,":[52],"it":[53,134,167],"needs":[54],"be":[56,136],"found":[57],"initially":[58],"sufficiently":[61],"large":[62],"cluster":[63],"allow":[65],"high":[67],"frequency":[68],"intracooperator":[70],"interactions.":[71],"Since":[72],"mutations":[73],"are":[74],"rare":[75],"events,":[76],"this":[77],"poses":[78],"question":[80],"arise":[85],"system":[89],"first":[92,115],"place.":[93],"We":[94],"present":[95],"simple":[97],"model":[98,183],"which":[99],"captures":[100],"two":[101,180],"concepts":[102],"from":[103],"genetics":[104],"that":[105,145,150,174],"explain":[107],"evolution":[109],"overcomes":[110],"emergence":[112,193],"problem.":[113],"The":[114,140],"concept":[116],"is,":[117],"often":[118],"nature,":[120],"gene":[122,173],"may":[123],"not":[124,152],"express":[125],"its":[126],"phenotype":[127],"except":[128],"under":[129],"specific":[130],"environmental":[131],"conditions,":[132],"rendering":[133],"\u201csilent\u201d":[138],"gene.":[139],"second":[141],"key":[142],"idea":[143],"is":[144,168,175],"neutral":[147],"gene,":[148],"one":[149],"does":[151],"harm":[153],"or":[154],"improve":[155],"an":[156],"organism\u2019s":[157],"survival":[158],"chances,":[159],"still":[161],"spread":[162],"through":[163],"population":[165],"if":[166],"physically":[169],"near":[170],"another":[172],"positively":[176],"selected.":[177],"Through":[178],"these":[179],"ideas,":[181],"our":[182],"offers":[184],"possible":[186],"solution":[187],"fundamental":[190],"problem":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}