{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2761801613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9083916","title":"Computer-Aided Cobb Measurement Based on Automatic Detection of Vertebral Slopes Using Deep Neural Network","display_name":"Computer-Aided Cobb Measurement Based on Automatic Detection of Vertebral Slopes Using Deep Neural Network","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2761801613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9083916","mag":"2761801613","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29118806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/9083916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9083916","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2017/9083916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108408918","display_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","issn_l":"1687-4188","issn":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2017/9083916.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377743","display_name":"Junhua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-6277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junhua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-6277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695821","display_name":"Hongjian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0635-4777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091044","display_name":"First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00c099g34","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091044"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101732703","display_name":"Liang Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3499-5218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091044","display_name":"First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/00c099g34","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091044"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091044"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459696","display_name":"Yufeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-1642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-1642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100377743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":3.3082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92501594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.902899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11030","display_name":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","score":0.902899980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cobb","display_name":"CobB","score":0.7779548764228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6803109645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5960019826889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5195279717445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4755408763885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided","display_name":"Computer-aided","score":0.43426376581192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42204490303993225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775946787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138676","display_name":"CobB","level":2,"score":0.7779548764228821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6803109645843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5960019826889038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5195279717445374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4755408763885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157368","display_name":"Computer-aided","level":2,"score":0.43426376581192017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42204490303993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/9083916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9083916","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2017/9083916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108408918","display_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","issn_l":"1687-4188","issn":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29118806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29118806","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of biomedical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69b0a63d5505465798e95b17f00b9be0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69b0a63d5505465798e95b17f00b9be0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5651147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5651147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Biomed Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/9083916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9083916","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijbi/2017/9083916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108408918","display_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","issn_l":"1687-4188","issn":["1687-4188","1687-4196"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Biomedical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G243516807","display_name":"\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u810a\u67f1\u4fa7\u51f8X\u7ebf\u4e09\u7ef4\u6570\u5b57\u8bca\u65ad\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u540e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61002049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562802385","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u81c2\u4e09\u7ef4\u8d85\u58f0\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u810a\u67f1\u4fa7\u51f8\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61361010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6310396450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013FA008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2761801613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2761801613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W152404302","https://openalex.org/W1969265440","https://openalex.org/W2000276621","https://openalex.org/W2004376257","https://openalex.org/W2081298929","https://openalex.org/W2139774746","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2148584290","https://openalex.org/W2566561901","https://openalex.org/W4234180827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312854588","https://openalex.org/W587622166","https://openalex.org/W2519071368","https://openalex.org/W603262913","https://openalex.org/W2804153780","https://openalex.org/W3110787926","https://openalex.org/W2690794568","https://openalex.org/W3013034493","https://openalex.org/W2005335268","https://openalex.org/W2473357015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"develop":[2],"a":[3],"computer-aided":[4,142,199],"method":[5],"that":[6,110],"reduces":[7],"the":[8,37,44,49,68,75,78,84,91,100,111,123,127,134,138,141,145,149,166,186],"variability":[9,157],"of":[10,36,119,158,177,188,208,220],"Cobb":[11,34,159,209],"angle":[12,35,160],"measurement":[13,80,143,147],"for":[14,117],"scoliosis":[15],"assessment.":[16],"METHODS:":[17],"A":[18],"deep":[19],"neural":[20],"network":[21],"(DNN)":[22],"was":[23,40],"trained":[24,170],"with":[25,171],"vertebral":[26,45,173],"patches":[27],"extracted":[28],"from":[29,43,133],"spinal":[30,38],"model":[31,57,89,120,135],"radiographs.":[32,70,86,121],"The":[33,156,198],"curve":[39],"calculated":[41],"automatically":[42],"slopes":[46,192],"predicted":[47,195],"by":[48,148,196],"DNN.":[50,189,197],"Sixty-five":[51],"in":[52,124,178],"vivo":[53,125,179],"radiographs":[54,58,180],"and":[55,77,99,137,144,217],"40":[56],"were":[59,95,104,129,151],"analyzed.":[60],"An":[61],"experienced":[62],"surgeon":[63,150],"performed":[64],"manual":[65,79,146],"measurements":[66,118,161,207],"on":[67],"aforementioned":[69,85],"Two":[71],"examiners":[72],"used":[73,203,213],"both":[74],"proposed":[76,112],"methods":[81],"to":[82,184,204,214],"analyze":[83],"RESULTS:":[87],"For":[88,122],"radiographs,":[90,126,136],"intraclass":[92],"correlation":[93],"coefficients":[94],"greater":[96],"than":[97,106,131,153],"0.98,":[98],"mean":[101],"absolute":[102],"differences":[103,139],"less":[105],"3\u00b0.":[107],"This":[108],"indicates":[109],"system":[113,168,200],"showed":[114],"high":[115],"repeatability":[116],"reliabilities":[128],"lower":[130],"those":[132],"between":[140],"higher":[152],"5\u00b0.":[154],"CONCLUSION:":[155],"can":[162,193,201],"be":[163,182,194,202],"reduced":[164],"if":[165],"DNN":[167],"is":[169,212],"enough":[172],"patches.":[174],"Training":[175],"data":[176],"must":[181],"included":[183],"improve":[185],"performance":[187],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[190],"Vertebral":[191],"perform":[205],"automatic":[206],"angle,":[210],"which":[211],"make":[215],"reliable":[216],"objective":[218],"assessments":[219],"scoliosis.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
