{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772878363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8718956","title":"CNN-Based Pupil Center Detection for Wearable Gaze Estimation System","display_name":"CNN-Based Pupil Center Detection for Wearable Gaze Estimation System","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772878363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8718956","mag":"2772878363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/8718956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8718956","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2017/8718956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2017/8718956.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054875706","display_name":"Warapon Chinsatit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Warapon Chinsatit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680\u20134 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680\u20134 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058108485","display_name":"Takeshi Saitoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-9707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Saitoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680\u20134 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680\u20134 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054875706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":4.829,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95359828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8685051202774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7982745170593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7837382555007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.7791471481323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.774405837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7730343341827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7618840932846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5699739456176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5487776398658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.48631128668785095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8685051202774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7982745170593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7837382555007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.7791471481323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.774405837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7730343341827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7618840932846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5699739456176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5487776398658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.48631128668785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/8718956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8718956","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2017/8718956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:637643b957a64c658df3428bff6b6b1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/637643b957a64c658df3428bff6b6b1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/8718956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8718956","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acisc/2017/8718956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30680879","display_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","issn_l":"1687-9724","issn":["1687-9724","1687-9732"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2772878363.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2772878363.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1445015017","https://openalex.org/W2039028133","https://openalex.org/W2062223082","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2131987615","https://openalex.org/W2166694921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W3207760378","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W2591813577","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,127],"paper":[1,113],"presents":[2,114],"a":[3,14,29,107,115,124,142],"convolutional":[4],"neural":[5],"network-":[6],"(CNN-)":[7],"based":[8],"pupil":[9,25,85],"center":[10,26,86],"detection":[11],"method":[12,61,152,162],"for":[13,170],"wearable":[15,125,173],"gaze":[16,55,99,175],"estimation":[17,100],"system":[18],"using":[19,123],"infrared":[20],"eye":[21,31,75,120,146],"images.":[22],"Potentially,":[23],"the":[24,74,78,84,98,103,134,150,160,168],"position":[27],"of":[28,145],"user\u2019s":[30],"can":[32],"be":[33],"used":[34,71,81,131],"in":[35,172],"various":[36,154],"applications,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"human-computer":[40],"interaction,":[41],"medical":[42],"diagnosis,":[43],"and":[44,77,96,141,166],"psychological":[45],"studies.":[46],"However,":[47],"users":[48],"tend":[49],"to":[50,72,82,117,132],"blink":[51],"frequently;":[52],"thus,":[53],"estimating":[54],"direction":[56],"is":[57,70,80],"difficult.":[58],"The":[59,66,88,156],"proposed":[60,135,151,161],"uses":[62],"two":[63],"CNN":[64,68],"models.":[65],"first":[67],"model":[69,90],"classify":[73],"state":[76],"second":[79],"estimate":[83],"position.":[87],"classification":[89],"filters":[91],"images":[92,140],"with":[93],"closed":[94,108],"eyes":[95],"terminates":[97],"process":[101,116],"when":[102],"input":[104],"image":[105,121],"shows":[106,158],"eye.":[109],"In":[110],"addition,":[111],"this":[112],"create":[118],"an":[119],"dataset":[122],"camera.":[126],"dataset,":[128],"which":[129],"was":[130],"evaluate":[133],"method,":[136],"has":[137,167],"approximately":[138],"20,000":[139],"wide":[143],"variation":[144],"states.":[147],"We":[148],"evaluated":[149],"from":[153],"perspectives.":[155],"result":[157],"that":[159],"obtained":[163],"good":[164],"accuracy":[165],"potential":[169],"application":[171],"device-based":[174],"estimation.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
