{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592091650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7645189","title":"Low Cost Skin Segmentation Scheme in Videos Using Two Alternative Methods for Dynamic Hand Gesture Detection Method","display_name":"Low Cost Skin Segmentation Scheme in Videos Using Two Alternative Methods for Dynamic Hand Gesture Detection Method","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592091650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7645189","mag":"2592091650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/7645189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7645189","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/am/2017/7645189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205703","display_name":"Advances in Multimedia","issn_l":"1687-5680","issn":["1687-5680","1687-5699"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/am/2017/7645189.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068056727","display_name":"Eman Thabet Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eman Thabet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001245212","display_name":"Fatimah Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-065X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatimah Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-065X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055668902","display_name":"Puteri Suhaiza Sulaiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-556X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puteri Suhaiza Sulaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-556X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086723698","display_name":"Razali Yaakob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8228-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razali Yaakob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068056727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":0.827,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72015887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.857728898525238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7391772270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.734657883644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6529496908187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6323078870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6125950813293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6081628203392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.5520011186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5418404340744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5303994417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.4994790554046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4938300549983978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4572141170501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44832295179367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17886734008789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11413803696632385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.857728898525238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7391772270202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.734657883644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6529496908187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6323078870773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6125950813293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6081628203392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5520011186599731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5418404340744019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5303994417190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.4994790554046631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4938300549983978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4572141170501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44832295179367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17886734008789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11413803696632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/7645189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7645189","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/am/2017/7645189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205703","display_name":"Advances in Multimedia","issn_l":"1687-5680","issn":["1687-5680","1687-5699"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:62321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9fe6b284f164ae69d322b0cbe727bfa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9fe6b284f164ae69d322b0cbe727bfa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Multimedia, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/7645189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7645189","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/am/2017/7645189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205703","display_name":"Advances in Multimedia","issn_l":"1687-5680","issn":["1687-5680","1687-5699"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592091650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592091650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572849274","https://openalex.org/W1989246342","https://openalex.org/W1999244633","https://openalex.org/W2005496958","https://openalex.org/W2006603519","https://openalex.org/W2027246387","https://openalex.org/W2033013989","https://openalex.org/W2048106635","https://openalex.org/W2070692575","https://openalex.org/W2080154195","https://openalex.org/W2092744455","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2126178892","https://openalex.org/W2332327512","https://openalex.org/W2361065206","https://openalex.org/W2403483107","https://openalex.org/W2482323515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2989699735","https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2,85],"witnessed":[3],"renewed":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,18,57,126,176],"developing":[7],"skin":[8,42,60,94,106,113,160],"segmentation":[9,13,96,114],"approaches.":[10,97],"Skin":[11],"feature":[12,64],"has":[14,110],"been":[15],"widely":[16],"employed":[17],"different":[19],"aspects":[20],"of":[21,41,90,92,141,159,178],"computer":[22],"vision":[23],"applications":[24],"including":[25],"face":[26,143],"detection":[27],"and":[28,44,77,103,162,180],"hand":[29,68],"gestures":[30],"recognition":[31],"systems.":[32],"This":[33,116],"is":[34],"mostly":[35],"due":[36,70],"to":[37,47,65,71,87,99],"the":[38,51,88,93,142,146,151,170],"attractive":[39],"characteristics":[40],"colour":[43,61,128],"its":[45],"effectiveness":[46],"object":[48],"segmentation.":[49],"On":[50],"contrary,":[52],"there":[53],"are":[54],"certain":[55],"challenges":[56,84],"using":[58],"human":[59],"as":[62,150],"a":[63,112],"segment":[66],"dynamic":[67],"gesture,":[69],"various":[72],"illumination":[73],"conditions,":[74],"complicated":[75],"environment,":[76],"computation":[78,181],"time":[79],"or":[80],"real-time":[81],"method.":[82],"These":[83],"led":[86],"insufficiency":[89],"many":[91],"color":[95],"Therefore,":[98],"produce":[100],"simple,":[101],"effective,":[102],"cost":[104],"efficient":[105],"segmentation,":[107],"this":[108],"paper":[109],"proposed":[111,171],"scheme.":[115],"scheme":[117,172],"includes":[118],"two":[119],"procedures":[120],"for":[121],"calculating":[122],"generic":[123],"threshold":[124,134],"ranges":[125],"Cb-Cr":[127],"space.":[129],"The":[130,165],"first":[131],"procedure":[132,148,154],"uses":[133,155],"values":[135],"trained":[136,157],"online":[137],"from":[138],"nose":[139],"pixels":[140],"region.":[144],"Meanwhile,":[145],"second":[147],"known":[149],"offline":[152],"training":[153],"thresholds":[156],"out":[158],"samples":[161],"weighted":[163],"equation.":[164],"experimental":[166],"results":[167],"showed":[168],"that":[169],"achieved":[173],"good":[174],"performance":[175],"terms":[177],"efficiency":[179],"time.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
