{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2618128042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6375680","title":"Rotor Speed Control of a Direct-Driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Turbine Using Phase-Lag Compensators to Optimize Wind Power Extraction","display_name":"Rotor Speed Control of a Direct-Driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-Based Wind Turbine Using Phase-Lag Compensators to Optimize Wind Power Extraction","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2618128042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6375680","mag":"2618128042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/6375680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6375680","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2017/6375680.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2017/6375680.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070990194","display_name":"Ester Hamatwi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ester Hamatwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-592X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Durban 4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079249544","display_name":"Innocent E. Davidson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-4136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177181097","display_name":"Durban University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0303y7a51","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Innocent E. Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Power Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Corner of Botanic Gardens and Steve Biko Roads, Durban 4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-4136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Power Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Corner of Botanic Gardens and Steve Biko Roads, Durban 4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177181097"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009662093","display_name":"Michael Njoroge Gitau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3396-604X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael N. Gitau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070990194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71836905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8723395466804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.7160978317260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.7116580009460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6150354743003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.5980103015899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.5792393684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5407545566558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.5131519436836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-principle","display_name":"Maximum power principle","score":0.455790638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.436126172542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4324001967906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34917116165161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32895076274871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.2658960819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.13279271125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.12339872121810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1103571355342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.08259060978889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07291248440742493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8723395466804504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.7160978317260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201320609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274420","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","level":3,"score":0.7116580009460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6150354743003845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.5980103015899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.5792393684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5407545566558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.5131519436836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.455790638923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.436126172542572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4324001967906952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34917116165161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32895076274871826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.2658960819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.13279271125793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.12339872121810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1103571355342865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.08259060978889465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07291248440742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/6375680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6375680","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2017/6375680.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63016aeba07c445bb290da11d019aa9f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63016aeba07c445bb290da11d019aa9f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/66053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/6375680","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6375680","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jcse/2017/6375680.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11704996","display_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1687-5249","issn":["1687-5249","1687-5257"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Control Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2618128042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2618128042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1257152115","https://openalex.org/W1739481297","https://openalex.org/W1972271182","https://openalex.org/W1978597091","https://openalex.org/W1993172973","https://openalex.org/W2020054652","https://openalex.org/W2027428318","https://openalex.org/W2050554588","https://openalex.org/W2054455533","https://openalex.org/W2060837080","https://openalex.org/W2069704852","https://openalex.org/W2076382222","https://openalex.org/W2079414403","https://openalex.org/W2091199011","https://openalex.org/W2095540938","https://openalex.org/W2097056315","https://openalex.org/W2112242185","https://openalex.org/W2115593938","https://openalex.org/W2130628114","https://openalex.org/W2133682543","https://openalex.org/W2139128741","https://openalex.org/W2158106511","https://openalex.org/W2162345820","https://openalex.org/W2162448500","https://openalex.org/W2162799118","https://openalex.org/W2165949056","https://openalex.org/W2528642539","https://openalex.org/W2548340257","https://openalex.org/W2548765485","https://openalex.org/W2552599582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290996769","https://openalex.org/W2097725229","https://openalex.org/W1977060113","https://openalex.org/W4281622623","https://openalex.org/W2527993489","https://openalex.org/W2184772563","https://openalex.org/W4389401330","https://openalex.org/W2374101854","https://openalex.org/W2379240244","https://openalex.org/W2033390848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,12,25,59,79,103,143,153,179],"the":[2,7,27,31,45,98,105,121,124,128,159,180,187,204,213,216],"intermittent":[3],"nature":[4],"of":[5,38,49,92,127,206,215],"wind,":[6],"wind":[8,32,39],"power":[9,18,28],"output":[10],"tends":[11],"be":[13],"inconsistent,":[14],"and":[15,67,83,108,123,140,155,200],"hence":[16,201],"maximum":[17],"point":[19],"tracking":[20],"(MPPT)":[21],"is":[22,171,195,203],"usually":[23],"employed":[24,74],"optimize":[26],"extracted":[29],"from":[30,174],"resource":[33],"at":[34],"a":[35,50,90,112,167],"wide":[36],"range":[37],"speeds.":[40],"This":[41,185],"paper":[42],"deals":[43],"with":[44,95,166],"rotor":[46],"speed":[47],"control":[48,130],"2":[51],"MW":[52],"direct-driven":[53],"permanent":[54],"magnet":[55],"synchronous":[56],"generator":[57],"(PMSG)":[58],"achieve":[60],"MPPT.":[61],"The":[62,209],"proportional-integral":[63],"(PI),":[64],"proportional-derivative":[65],"(PD),":[66],"proportional-integral-derivative":[68],"(PID)":[69],"controllers":[70],"have":[71],"widely":[72],"been":[73],"in":[75,145],"MPPT":[76,218],"studies":[77],"owing":[78],"their":[80,141],"simple":[81,84],"structure":[82],"design":[85,100,168,183],"procedure.":[86,184],"However,":[87],"there":[88],"are":[89,164],"number":[91],"shortcomings":[93],"associated":[94,165],"these":[96,133],"controllers;":[97],"trial-and-error":[99,182],"procedure":[101,169],"used":[102],"determine":[104],"P,":[106],"I,":[107],"D":[109],"gains":[110],"presents":[111],"possibility":[113],"for":[114],"poorly":[115],"tuned":[116],"controller":[117,189],"gains,":[118],"which":[119],"reduces":[120],"accuracy":[122],"dynamic":[125],"performance":[126],"entire":[129],"system.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"controllers\u2019":[134],"linear":[135],"nature,":[136],"constricted":[137],"operating":[138],"range,":[139],"sensitivity":[142],"changes":[144],"machine":[146],"parameters":[147],"make":[148],"them":[149],"ineffective":[150],"when":[151],"applied":[152],"nonlinear":[154],"uncertain":[156],"systems.":[157],"On":[158],"other":[160],"hand,":[161],"phase-lag":[162],"compensators":[163],"that":[170],"well":[172,197],"defined":[173],"fundamental":[175],"principles":[176],"as":[177],"opposed":[178],"aforementioned":[181],"makes":[186],"latter":[188],"type":[190],"more":[191],"accurate,":[192],"although":[193],"it":[194,202],"not":[196],"developed":[198],"yet,":[199],"focus":[205],"this":[207],"paper.":[208],"simulation":[210],"results":[211],"demonstrated":[212],"effectiveness":[214],"proposed":[217],"controller.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}