{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604022706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4975343","title":"A DDoS Attack Detection Method Based on Hybrid Heterogeneous Multiclassifier Ensemble Learning","display_name":"A DDoS Attack Detection Method Based on Hybrid Heterogeneous Multiclassifier Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604022706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4975343","mag":"2604022706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/4975343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4975343","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2017/4975343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2017/4975343.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102724556","display_name":"Bin Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-9433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Network Center, Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-9433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Network Center, Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078113299","display_name":"Xiaohong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Network Center, Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Network Center, Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078776561","display_name":"Rujun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9507-4958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of CyberSpace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of CyberSpace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054182752","display_name":"Yan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Network Center, Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Network Center, Institute of Network Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102724556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":4.9018,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95370172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6453061103820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.589293360710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.5829269886016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.5229302644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49182558059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4293120801448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.42631763219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4113888740539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40827009081840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3391706943511963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6453061103820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.589293360710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.5829269886016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.5229302644729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49182558059692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4293120801448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.42631763219833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4113888740539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40827009081840515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3391706943511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/4975343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4975343","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2017/4975343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7aab4082eea48c7abc79a2b0b503aee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7aab4082eea48c7abc79a2b0b503aee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/4975343","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4975343","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2017/4975343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4719618197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1603261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2604022706.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2604022706.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W769353746","https://openalex.org/W1152223117","https://openalex.org/W1975191191","https://openalex.org/W1988918299","https://openalex.org/W1999427165","https://openalex.org/W2018975076","https://openalex.org/W2075964268","https://openalex.org/W2086915492","https://openalex.org/W2115629999","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2164446240","https://openalex.org/W2219388052","https://openalex.org/W2276629685","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4251839034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W2471811227","https://openalex.org/W2217591390","https://openalex.org/W2157496457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"explosive":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,40],"network":[4],"traffic":[5],"and":[6,14,30,32,38,60,89,114,129,152],"its":[7],"multitype":[8],"on":[9,54,67],"Internet":[10],"have":[11],"brought":[12],"new":[13],"severe":[15],"challenges":[16],"to":[17,33,72,140],"DDoS":[18,49,99],"attack":[19,50,143],"detection.":[20],"To":[21],"get":[22],"the":[23,35,102,117,121,141],"higher":[24],"True":[25],"Negative":[26],"Rate":[27],"(TNR),":[28],"accuracy,":[29,88],"precision":[31],"guarantee":[34],"robustness,":[36],"stability,":[37,151],"universality":[39],"detection":[41,51,64,75,82,144,150,154],"system,":[42],"in":[43,86,146],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"a":[48,62],"method":[52,83],"based":[53,66],"hybrid":[55],"heterogeneous":[56],"multiclassifier":[57],"ensemble":[58],"learning":[59],"design":[61],"heuristic":[63],"algorithm":[65,93],"Singular":[68],"Value":[69],"Decomposition":[70],"(SVD)":[71],"construct":[73],"our":[74,81,92,136],"system.":[76],"Experimental":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80,135],"is":[84,133,138],"excellent":[85],"TNR,":[87],"precision.":[90],"Therefore,":[91],"has":[94],"good":[95],"detective":[96],"performance":[97],"for":[98],"attack.":[100],"Through":[101],"comparisons":[103],"with":[104],"Random":[105],"Forest,":[106],"<mml:math":[107],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[108,112],"id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Nearest":[109],"Neighbor":[110],"(<mml:math":[111],"id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-NN),":[113],"Bagging":[115],"comprising":[116],"component":[118],"classifiers":[119],"when":[120],"three":[122],"algorithms":[123],"are":[124],"used":[125],"alone":[126],"by":[127,130],"SVD":[128],"un-SVD,":[131],"it":[132],"shown":[134],"model":[137],"superior":[139],"state-of-the-art":[142],"techniques":[145],"system":[147],"generalization":[148],"ability,":[149],"overall":[153],"performance.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}