{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2733343268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2917536","title":"Automatic Image-Based Plant Disease Severity Estimation Using Deep Learning","display_name":"Automatic Image-Based Plant Disease Severity Estimation Using Deep Learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2733343268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2917536","mag":"2733343268","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28757863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/2917536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2917536","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2017/2917536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2017/2917536.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704285","display_name":"Guan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-2908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772262","display_name":"Yu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-9515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-9515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438359","display_name":"Jianxin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-3969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-3969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100438359","https://openalex.org/A5100772262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":74.903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":739,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9995501,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10825","display_name":"Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8436614274978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.8008987307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7788633704185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7746719121932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7485311031341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.5905303955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5450842380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4750906527042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.46863698959350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4493161737918854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.43227261304855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.4257875680923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4146224558353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4024730920791626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8436614274978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.8008987307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7788633704185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7746719121932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7485311031341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.5905303955078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5450842380523682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4750906527042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.46863698959350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4493161737918854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.43227261304855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.4257875680923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4146224558353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4024730920791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010935","descriptor_name":"Plant Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027845","descriptor_name":"Malus","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027845","descriptor_name":"Malus","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027845","descriptor_name":"Malus","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D027845","descriptor_name":"Malus","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/2917536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2917536","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2017/2917536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28757863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28757863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational intelligence and neuroscience","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d67328c219174b4fa06d2a12cc421c3f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d67328c219174b4fa06d2a12cc421c3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, Vol 2017 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4373103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5516765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2017/2917536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2917536","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2017/2917536.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72372694","display_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","issn_l":"1687-5265","issn":["1687-5265","1687-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G343294216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017JC02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8494312384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TD2014-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1019830208","https://openalex.org/W1979543589","https://openalex.org/W2003007706","https://openalex.org/W2004732416","https://openalex.org/W2005543329","https://openalex.org/W2006274653","https://openalex.org/W2037186755","https://openalex.org/W2073754472","https://openalex.org/W2093637796","https://openalex.org/W2117793557","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2204038779","https://openalex.org/W2213443318","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2491240465","https://openalex.org/W2504081689","https://openalex.org/W2561572938","https://openalex.org/W2579348194","https://openalex.org/W2600449143","https://openalex.org/W2919115771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295532600","https://openalex.org/W2063823869","https://openalex.org/W3199964822","https://openalex.org/W4232132981","https://openalex.org/W4238046985","https://openalex.org/W3164948662","https://openalex.org/W2805222462","https://openalex.org/W4362604364","https://openalex.org/W3003242282","https://openalex.org/W3153597579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"and":[1,14,41,91],"accurate":[2],"estimation":[3],"of":[4,69,80,85,121],"disease":[5,12,30,138],"severity":[6,31,62,79],"is":[7,26,107],"essential":[8],"for":[9,28,140],"food":[10],"security,":[11],"management,":[13],"yield":[15],"loss":[16],"prediction.":[17],"Deep":[18],"learning,":[19,115],"the":[20,34,37,45,51,78,81,108,124],"latest":[21],"breakthrough":[22],"in":[23,50,101,137],"computer":[24],"vision,":[25],"promising":[27],"fine-grained":[29],"classification,":[32],"as":[33,64],"method":[35],"avoids":[36],"labor-intensive":[38],"feature":[39],"engineering":[40],"threshold-based":[42],"segmentation.":[43],"Using":[44],"apple":[46],"black":[47],"rot":[48],"images":[49],"PlantVillage":[52],"dataset,":[53],"which":[54,116],"are":[55,74,98],"further":[56],"annotated":[57],"by":[58,95],"botanists":[59],"with":[60,113],"four":[61],"stages":[63],"ground":[65],"truth,":[66],"a":[67],"series":[68],"deep":[70,92,109,130],"convolutional":[71],"neural":[72],"networks":[73,87],"trained":[75,88,112],"to":[76],"diagnose":[77],"disease.":[82],"The":[83,104,128],"performances":[84],"shallow":[86],"from":[89],"scratch":[90],"models":[93],"fine-tuned":[94],"transfer":[96,114],"learning":[97,131],"evaluated":[99],"systemically":[100],"this":[102],"paper.":[103],"best":[105],"model":[106,111,132],"VGG16":[110],"yields":[117],"an":[118],"overall":[119],"accuracy":[120],"90.4%":[122],"on":[123],"hold-out":[125],"test":[126],"set.":[127],"proposed":[129],"may":[133],"have":[134],"great":[135],"potential":[136],"control":[139],"modern":[141],"agriculture.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":133},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":118},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2017-07-14T00:00:00"}
