{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557914181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8765874","title":"IWKNN: An Effective Bluetooth Positioning Method Based on Isomap and WKNN","display_name":"IWKNN: An Effective Bluetooth Positioning Method Based on Isomap and WKNN","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557914181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8765874","mag":"2557914181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8765874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8765874","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8765874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8765874.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100783371","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-8435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103051576","display_name":"Yingying Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-7229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingying Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084370154","display_name":"Xiangde Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-5381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangde Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005913231","display_name":"Yanrui Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanrui Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101922949","display_name":"Xiaojun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-3741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-3741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101922949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.4878,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84697624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isomap","display_name":"Isomap","score":0.890291154384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7983466386795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6792339086532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.6721564531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indication","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","score":0.5867945551872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","score":0.5416958332061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5183699727058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48005470633506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.4689065217971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.41389283537864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39789730310440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33424219489097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.32014012336730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2348138988018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12491562962532043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778626561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6086067","display_name":"Isomap","level":4,"score":0.890291154384613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983466386795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6792339086532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.6721564531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.5867945551872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151876577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049464","display_name":"Nonlinear dimensionality reduction","level":3,"score":0.5416958332061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5183699727058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48005470633506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4689065217971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.41389283537864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39789730310440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33424219489097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.32014012336730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2348138988018036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12491562962532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8765874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8765874","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8765874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18ad925441c747e6b47e6d048ec62141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18ad925441c747e6b47e6d048ec62141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2016 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8765874","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8765874","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8765874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557914181.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557914181.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892841857","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1982482322","https://openalex.org/W1994132610","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2094936105","https://openalex.org/W2326862695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287375746","https://openalex.org/W2375574759","https://openalex.org/W3124275785","https://openalex.org/W1606646545","https://openalex.org/W1562785334","https://openalex.org/W2375518579","https://openalex.org/W2351371028","https://openalex.org/W2366334780","https://openalex.org/W3183997925","https://openalex.org/W2108062588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Bluetooth-based":[1],"indoor":[2],"positioning":[3,48],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,21,46],"hot":[7],"research":[8],"topic.":[9],"However,":[10],"the":[11,29,35,71,88,97],"instability":[12],"of":[13,37,73,83],"Bluetooth":[14],"RSSI":[15,38,68,76],"(Received":[16],"Signal":[17],"Strength":[18],"Indicator)":[19],"promotes":[20],"huge":[22],"challenge":[23],"in":[24],"localization":[25,30],"accuracy.":[26],"To":[27],"improve":[28],"accuracy,":[31],"this":[32],"paper":[33],"measures":[34],"distance":[36,72,82],"vectors":[39,77],"on":[40],"their":[41,84],"low-dimensional":[42,65,85],"manifold":[43],"and":[44,103],"proposes":[45],"novel":[47],"method":[49,59],"IWKNN":[50],"(Isomap-based":[51],"Weighted":[52],"<mml:math":[53],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54],"id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Nearest":[55],"Neighbor).":[56],"The":[57],"proposed":[58,98],"firstly":[60],"uses":[61],"Isomap":[62],"to":[63],"generate":[64],"embedding":[66],"for":[67],"vectors.":[69],"Then,":[70],"two":[74],"given":[75],"is":[78,90,100],"measured":[79],"by":[80,92],"Euclidean":[81],"embeddings.":[86],"Finally,":[87],"position":[89],"calculated":[91],"WKNN.":[93],"Experiment":[94],"indicates":[95],"that":[96],"approach":[99],"more":[101],"robust":[102],"accurate.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}