{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535448655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8367638","title":"A Measurement Study of BLE iBeacon and Geometric Adjustment Scheme for Indoor Location-Based Mobile Applications","display_name":"A Measurement Study of BLE iBeacon and Geometric Adjustment Scheme for Indoor Location-Based Mobile Applications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535448655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8367638","mag":"2535448655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8367638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8367638","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8367638.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8367638.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051076677","display_name":"Jeongyeup Paek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongyeup Paek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-4936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022122076","display_name":"JeongGil Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JeongGil Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-4039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046859576","display_name":"Hyungsik Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-7681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyungsik Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-7681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046859576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":8.8376,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97765076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8941245079040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.7398883104324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.699785590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5639064311981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.5607516169548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5211741328239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.45435866713523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.41640517115592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41385534405708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.41173186898231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.282071590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23503893613815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09406864643096924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8941245079040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.7398883104324341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638779","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","level":4,"score":0.699785590171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5639064311981201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.5607516169548035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5211741328239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45435866713523865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.41640517115592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41385534405708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41173186898231506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.282071590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23503893613815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09406864643096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8367638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8367638","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8367638.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05c2fd6abb3f47e79085971452af1e1b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05c2fd6abb3f47e79085971452af1e1b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2016 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8367638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8367638","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8367638.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1106151431","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2014R1A1A2056626","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321237","funder_display_name":"Hongik University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3553674235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2014R1A1A2056626","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5148092262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2014R1A1A2056626","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321237","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2535448655.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2535448655.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971130353","https://openalex.org/W2065810282","https://openalex.org/W2079141028","https://openalex.org/W2142908542","https://openalex.org/W2232992462","https://openalex.org/W2341720557","https://openalex.org/W2485850820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026217228","https://openalex.org/W2460679371","https://openalex.org/W1566557084","https://openalex.org/W1981475037","https://openalex.org/W4310175343","https://openalex.org/W2956056877","https://openalex.org/W2058711580","https://openalex.org/W2911404179","https://openalex.org/W2572635530","https://openalex.org/W2223325499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bluetooth":[0,24],"Low":[1],"Energy":[2],"(BLE)":[3],"and":[4,31,62,67,88,116],"the":[5,19,47,58,69,99,126,140,166,177],"iBeacons":[6,53],"have":[7],"recently":[8],"gained":[9],"large":[10],"interest":[11],"for":[12,165],"enabling":[13],"various":[14,86],"proximity-based":[15],"application":[16,154],"services.":[17],"Given":[18],"ubiquitously":[20],"deployed":[21],"nature":[22],"of":[23,71,91,128,142,160,194],"devices":[25,84,201],"including":[26],"mobile":[27,110],"smartphones,":[28],"using":[29],"BLE":[30],"iBeacon":[32,83,108,143,200],"technologies":[33],"seemed":[34],"to":[35,40,65,147,163,197],"be":[36],"a":[37,149,157,189,195],"promising":[38],"future":[39,186],"come.":[41],"This":[42,119],"work":[43,183],"started":[44],"off":[45],"with":[46,57,80,188],"belief":[48],"that":[49,95,176],"this":[50,96,182],"was":[51],"true:":[52],"could":[54],"provide":[55,185],"us":[56,146],"accuracy":[59],"in":[60,121,134,169,181],"proximity":[61],"distance":[63],"estimation":[64,133],"enable":[66],"simplify":[68],"development":[70],"many":[72],"previously":[73],"difficult":[74],"applications.":[75],"However,":[76],"our":[77],"empirical":[78],"studies":[79],"three":[81],"different":[82,107],"from":[85,199],"vendors":[87],"two":[89],"types":[90],"smartphone":[92],"platforms":[93],"prove":[94],"is":[97],"not":[98],"case.":[100],"Signal":[101],"strength":[102,123,172],"readings":[103],"vary":[104],"significantly":[105],"over":[106],"vendors,":[109],"platforms,":[111],"environmental":[112],"or":[113],"deployment":[114],"factors,":[115],"usage":[117],"scenarios.":[118],"variability":[120],"signal":[122,171],"naturally":[124],"complicates":[125],"process":[127],"extracting":[129],"an":[130],"accurate":[131],"location/proximity":[132],"real":[135],"environments.":[136],"Our":[137],"lessons":[138],"on":[139,191],"limitations":[141],"technique":[144],"lead":[145],"design":[148,207],"simple":[150,158],"class":[151],"attendance":[152],"checking":[153],"by":[155],"performing":[156],"form":[159],"geometric":[161],"adjustments":[162],"compensate":[164],"natural":[167],"variations":[168],"beacon":[170],"readings.":[173],"We":[174],"believe":[175],"negative":[178],"observations":[179],"made":[180],"can":[184],"researchers":[187],"reference":[190],"how":[192],"well":[193],"performance":[196],"expect":[198],"as":[202],"they":[203],"enter":[204],"their":[205],"system":[206],"phases.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}