{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2485027894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163893","title":"A Framework and Mathematical Modeling for the Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network Routing","display_name":"A Framework and Mathematical Modeling for the Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network Routing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2485027894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163893","mag":"2485027894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8163893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163893","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8163893.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8163893.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037815011","display_name":"Mostofa Kamal Nasir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-0185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mostofa Kamal Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-0185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017116281","display_name":"Rafidah Md Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-2390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafidah Md. Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030755294","display_name":"Mohsin Iftikhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Iftikhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031927335","display_name":"Muhammad Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004213577","display_name":"Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-0329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057606466","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Jabbarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-1168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Jabbarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041701441","display_name":"Rashid Hafeez Khokhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-2734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. H. Khokhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037815011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.2953,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64019161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8715411424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7817887663841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7192314863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6946775913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6618460416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5633509755134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5222233533859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5217936038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5030004382133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.4932088255882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-tolerant-networking","display_name":"Delay-tolerant networking","score":0.490130752325058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.4816128611564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.4216423034667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.41572511196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-forwarding","display_name":"Packet forwarding","score":0.4117840826511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3488171100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.3072853684425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.287445604801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.28011786937713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12696102261543274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8715411424636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7817887663841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7192314863204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6946775913238525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6618460416793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5633509755134583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5222233533859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5217936038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5030004382133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4932088255882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53264328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55320","display_name":"Delay-tolerant networking","level":5,"score":0.490130752325058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.4816128611564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.4216423034667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.41572511196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874048","display_name":"Packet forwarding","level":3,"score":0.4117840826511383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3488171100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.3072853684425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.287445604801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.28011786937713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12696102261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8163893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163893","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8163893.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5ac09813-9d95-46fc-ac4a-e8272a723b41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/5ac09813-9d95-46fc-ac4a-e8272a723b41","pdf_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/files/11923824/11143375_Published_article_OA.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nasir, M K, Noor, R M, Iftikhar, M, Imran, M, Abdul Wahab, A W, Jabbarpour, M R & Khokhar, R H 2016, 'A framework and mathematical modeling for the vehicular delay tolerant network routing', Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2016, 8163893, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163893","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:vital:16895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/186412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400234","display_name":"FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158496","host_organization_name":"Australian Federation of University Women \u2013 South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158496"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e29fb426f5c54f07b21f4a822fe7c387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e29fb426f5c54f07b21f4a822fe7c387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2016 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/8163893","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163893","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/8163893.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4857889746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1435-051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2485027894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2485027894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57943659","https://openalex.org/W1537739930","https://openalex.org/W1564455055","https://openalex.org/W1945981647","https://openalex.org/W1975796274","https://openalex.org/W1982002312","https://openalex.org/W2005477504","https://openalex.org/W2007185596","https://openalex.org/W2022962748","https://openalex.org/W2050733423","https://openalex.org/W2065369937","https://openalex.org/W2068691410","https://openalex.org/W2082549588","https://openalex.org/W2092955487","https://openalex.org/W2104541072","https://openalex.org/W2105998629","https://openalex.org/W2107846430","https://openalex.org/W2112316694","https://openalex.org/W2116247390","https://openalex.org/W2119896609","https://openalex.org/W2129828317","https://openalex.org/W2132637859","https://openalex.org/W2137693329","https://openalex.org/W2138627246","https://openalex.org/W2145261437","https://openalex.org/W2148119902","https://openalex.org/W2157971651","https://openalex.org/W2166160254","https://openalex.org/W2169306820","https://openalex.org/W2171235322","https://openalex.org/W2187649805","https://openalex.org/W2222341944","https://openalex.org/W2230249753","https://openalex.org/W2524991913","https://openalex.org/W2538983291","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4312137253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286008197","https://openalex.org/W2353337311","https://openalex.org/W2010392721","https://openalex.org/W2008074281","https://openalex.org/W4205202433","https://openalex.org/W2093766845","https://openalex.org/W2885631096","https://openalex.org/W2112216545","https://openalex.org/W2135874808","https://openalex.org/W2140667900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"ad":[1],"hoc":[2],"networks":[3],"(VANETs)":[4],"are":[5,11],"getting":[6],"growing":[7],"interest":[8],"as":[9,31],"they":[10],"expected":[12],"to":[13,27,79,115,127,142,155,188],"play":[14],"crucial":[15],"role":[16],"in":[17,42,158],"making":[18],"safer,":[19],"smarter,":[20],"and":[21,34,48,94,111,165,183],"more":[22],"efficient":[23],"transportation":[24],"networks.":[25],"Due":[26],"unique":[28],"characteristics":[29],"such":[30],"sparse":[32],"topology":[33],"intermittent":[35],"connectivity,":[36],"Delay":[37],"Tolerant":[38],"Network":[39],"(DTN)":[40],"routing":[41],"VANET":[43],"becomes":[44],"an":[45,95,118],"inherent":[46],"choice":[47],"is":[49,125],"challenging.":[50],"However,":[51],"most":[52],"of":[53,152,160,200],"the":[54,112,130,136,143,149,174,180,185,198],"existing":[55],"DTN":[56,98],"protocols":[57,74],"do":[58],"not":[59],"accurately":[60,128],"discover":[61],"potential":[62],"neighbors":[63],"and,":[64],"hence,":[65],"appropriate":[66,119],"intermediate":[67,120],"nodes":[68],"for":[69,101],"packet":[70,161,175],"transmission.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"these":[73,86],"cause":[75],"unnecessary":[76],"overhead":[77,181],"due":[78],"excessive":[80],"beacon":[81],"messages.":[82],"To":[83],"cope":[84],"with":[85],"challenges,":[87],"this":[88],"paper":[89],"presents":[90],"a":[91],"novel":[92],"framework":[93],"Adaptive":[96],"Geographical":[97],"Routing":[99],"(AGDR)":[100],"vehicular":[102],"DTNs.":[103],"AGDR":[104,153,172,192],"exploits":[105],"node":[106,138],"position,":[107],"current":[108],"direction,":[109],"speed,":[110],"predicted":[113],"direction":[114,133],"carefully":[116],"select":[117],"node.":[121],"Direction":[122],"indicator":[123],"light":[124],"employed":[126],"predict":[129],"vehicle":[131],"future":[132],"so":[134],"that":[135,171],"forwarding":[137],"can":[139],"relay":[140],"packets":[141],"desired":[144],"destination.":[145],"Simulation":[146,168],"experiments":[147],"confirm":[148],"performance":[150],"supremacy":[151],"compared":[154],"contemporary":[156],"schemes":[157],"terms":[159],"delivery":[162,176],"ratio,":[163],"overhead,":[164],"end-to-end":[166],"delay.":[167],"results":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"improves":[173,193],"ratio":[177],"(5\u20137%),":[178],"reduces":[179],"(1\u20135%),":[182],"decreases":[184],"delay":[186],"(up":[187],"0.02":[189],"ms).":[190],"Therefore,":[191],"route":[194,201],"stability":[195],"by":[196],"reducing":[197],"frequency":[199],"failures.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}