{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2340324157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7635206","title":"Belief Propagation-Based Cognitive Routing in Maritime Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"Belief Propagation-Based Cognitive Routing in Maritime Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2340324157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7635206","mag":"2340324157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/7635206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7635206","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/7635206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/7635206","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059076853","display_name":"Huma Ghafoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-4233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huma Ghafoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Muger-Dong San-29, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Muger-Dong San-29, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002989711","display_name":"Youngtae Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-1575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191879574","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngtae Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Namgu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Namgu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191879574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082206251","display_name":"Insoo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Insoo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Muger-Dong San-29, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan (UOU), Muger-Dong San-29, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082206251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":1.6998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85842508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"7635206","last_page":"7635206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.820401668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6601503491401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5785700082778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration","display_name":"Duration (music)","score":0.5670461654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.5562701225280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5556215047836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4800114035606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idle","display_name":"Idle","score":0.4779389202594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4366241693496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.43082892894744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37625938653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3235796093940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2630283534526825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.820401668548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6601503491401672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5785700082778931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.5670461654663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5562701225280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5556215047836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4800114035606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.4779389202594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4366241693496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43082892894744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37625938653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3235796093940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2630283534526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/7635206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7635206","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/7635206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:12:y:2016:i:4:p:7635206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2016/7635206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:288124dd58844ccaaf3687588ee3c877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/288124dd58844ccaaf3687588ee3c877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 12 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/7635206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7635206","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/7635206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G146877386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2013R1A2A2A05004535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1851754281","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2015R1A2A1A15053452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321370","funder_display_name":"Inha University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2690567116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2013R1A2A2A05004535","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321370","funder_display_name":"Inha University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5386833410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52560-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5612754736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52560-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321370","funder_display_name":"Inha University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8679435577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2015R1A2A1A15053452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321370","display_name":"Inha University","ror":"https://ror.org/01easw929"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2340324157.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490670270","https://openalex.org/W1966105381","https://openalex.org/W2019599312","https://openalex.org/W2021920760","https://openalex.org/W2056296206","https://openalex.org/W2067129240","https://openalex.org/W2086582913","https://openalex.org/W2091988004","https://openalex.org/W2099574482","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2126662540","https://openalex.org/W2136889516","https://openalex.org/W2141678072","https://openalex.org/W2144500721","https://openalex.org/W2145862009","https://openalex.org/W2153391398","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2169762591","https://openalex.org/W2491009754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348837382","https://openalex.org/W2974485871","https://openalex.org/W1577119738","https://openalex.org/W2908872315","https://openalex.org/W1600399803","https://openalex.org/W4235210722","https://openalex.org/W746329893","https://openalex.org/W4388633481","https://openalex.org/W4205872570","https://openalex.org/W2049601620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"routing":[1,127],"for":[2,57,86,91,137,144,152,203],"maritime":[3],"wireless":[4],"ad":[5],"hoc":[6],"networks":[7],"is":[8,23,103],"proposed":[9],"in":[10,45,114,163,172,186],"this":[11],"paper":[12],"to":[13,71,117,129],"find":[14,130],"a":[15,38,101,131,160],"stable":[16,200],"path":[17,102,108,150,164,180,201],"between":[18,96,133],"source":[19,97,134],"and":[20,98,125,135,148],"destination.":[21,99,120],"This":[22],"ship-to-ship":[24],"communication":[25,204],"where":[26],"two":[27],"ships":[28],"can":[29],"communicate":[30],"when":[31],"they":[32],"not":[33],"only":[34],"have":[35],"consensus":[36],"on":[37],"common":[39],"idle":[40,192],"channel":[41],"but":[42],"also":[43],"are":[44,84],"the":[46,73,77,80,88,107,112,115,119,167,173],"transmission":[47],"range":[48],"of":[49,79,94,155,169,188],"each":[50],"other.":[51],"We":[52,121,140],"apply":[53,122],"belief":[54,75],"propagation":[55],"algorithm":[56],"collaborative":[58],"spectrum":[59],"sensing.":[60],"Every":[61],"user":[62,190],"(ship)":[63],"exchanges":[64],"its":[65,69],"local":[66],"decisions":[67],"with":[68,183],"neighbors":[70],"compute":[72],"final":[74],"about":[76],"state":[78],"channel.":[81],"These":[82],"beliefs":[83],"applied":[85],"estimating":[87],"link":[89],"duration":[90,109,165,181],"total":[92],"number":[93,154,168],"hops":[95],"Then,":[100],"selected":[104],"which":[105],"maximizes":[106],"among":[110,205],"all":[111],"paths":[113],"network":[116],"reach":[118],"both":[123],"flood-based":[124],"geographical":[126],"protocols":[128],"route":[132],"destination":[136],"different":[138,145,153],"scenarios.":[139],"simulate":[141],"our":[142,197],"scheme":[143,198],"ocean":[146],"settings":[147],"evaluate":[149],"durations":[151],"ships.":[156],"The":[157],"results":[158],"report":[159],"significant":[161],"increase":[162,185],"as":[166],"nodes":[170],"increases":[171,182],"network.":[174],"In":[175],"addition,":[176],"we":[177],"verify":[178],"that":[179],"an":[184],"probability":[187],"primary":[189],"being":[191],"via":[193],"extensive":[194],"simulations.":[195],"Hence,":[196],"provides":[199],"selection":[202],"users":[206],"onboard.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}