{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2557882346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5850670","title":"On Preventing Location Attacks for Urban Vehicular Networks","display_name":"On Preventing Location Attacks for Urban Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2557882346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5850670","mag":"2557882346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/5850670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5850670","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/5850670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/5850670.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972857","display_name":"Meng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-461X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139765","display_name":"Beijing Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/047r47y76","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139765"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Application Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing, Beijing 100081, China","School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Application Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354072","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-4347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139765","display_name":"Beijing Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/047r47y76","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139765"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Application Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing, Beijing 100081, China","School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Application Research Center of High Volume Language Information Processing and Cloud Computing, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044196762","display_name":"Lejian Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-8243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lejian Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100354072"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I4210139765"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.3718,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67654386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8423605561256409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.7320408821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.695106029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.4797843098640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4679167568683624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.45932242274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.42685163021087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.411141574382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3664148449897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3451048731803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34069618582725525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8423605561256409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.7320408821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.695106029510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.4797843098640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4679167568683624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.45932242274284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.42685163021087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.411141574382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3664148449897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3451048731803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34069618582725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/5850670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5850670","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/5850670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8eaa515429714e4aacc6d634adbb3861","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8eaa515429714e4aacc6d634adbb3861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems, Vol 2016 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/5850670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5850670","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2016/5850670.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152111507","display_name":"Mobile Information Systems","issn_l":"1574-017X","issn":["1574-017X","1875-905X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318577","host_organization_name":"IOS Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOS Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mobile Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2763227109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5548930019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6767926065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013CB329605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321940","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557882346.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2557882346.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537752822","https://openalex.org/W1974653074","https://openalex.org/W1998210561","https://openalex.org/W2006522216","https://openalex.org/W2025644930","https://openalex.org/W2030316176","https://openalex.org/W2063870741","https://openalex.org/W2074290495","https://openalex.org/W2123463338","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2171805028","https://openalex.org/W2415775289","https://openalex.org/W2462045069","https://openalex.org/W4251385314"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162200841","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W2334071950","https://openalex.org/W2384744344","https://openalex.org/W4233932308","https://openalex.org/W1799694159","https://openalex.org/W2393169196","https://openalex.org/W2366610330","https://openalex.org/W4242143973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,71,96,102,130,145,152,170],"global":[3],"positioning":[4],"system":[5],"(GPS)":[6],"equipped":[7],"in":[8,100],"vehicular":[9,164],"networks":[10],"exposes":[11],"users\u2019":[12],"location":[13,39,55,103],"information":[14,70],"to":[15,37,51,80,127,141],"the":[16,38,66,82,86,94,97,117,128,131,143,150,162,168],"location-based":[17],"services.":[18],"We":[19,112],"argue":[20],"that":[21,116],"such":[22,121,146],"data":[23,166],"contains":[24],"rich":[25],"informative":[26],"cues":[27],"on":[28,161],"drivers\u2019":[29],"private":[30],"behaviors":[31],"and":[32],"preferences,":[33],"which":[34],"will":[35],"lead":[36],"privacy":[40],"attacks.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,137],"proposed":[46,98,172],"a":[47,58,139],"sophisticated":[48],"prediction":[49],"model":[50,99,124],"predict":[52],"driver\u2019s":[53],"next":[54],"by":[56,120,148],"using":[57],"k":[59],"-order":[60],"Markov":[61,132,155],"chain-based":[62],"third-rank":[63],"tensor":[64,87],"representing":[65],"partially":[67],"observed":[68],"transfer":[69],"vehicles.":[72],"Then":[73],"Bayesian":[74],"Personalized":[75],"Ranking":[76],"(BPR)":[77],"is":[78,125],"used":[79],"learn":[81],"unobserved":[83],"transitions":[84],"within":[85],"for":[88],"transition":[89],"predication.":[90],"Experimental":[91,157],"results":[92,158],"manifest":[93],"efficacy":[95],"terms":[101],"predication":[104,110,123],"accuracy,":[105],"compared":[106],"with":[107],"several":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"methods.":[111],"also":[113],"point":[114],"out":[115],"precision":[118],"achieved":[119],"advanced":[122],"restricted":[126],"order":[129,154],"chain<mml:math":[133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[134],"id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>.":[135],"Accordingly,":[136],"propose":[138],"schema":[140],"decrease":[142],"risks":[144],"attacks":[147],"preventing":[149],"conformation":[151],"higher":[153],"chain.":[156],"obtained":[159],"based":[160],"real-world":[163],"network":[165],"demonstrated":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"our":[171],"schema.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}