{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2286276551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4560365","title":"Two-Layer Hidden Markov Model for Human Activity Recognition in Home Environments","display_name":"Two-Layer Hidden Markov Model for Human Activity Recognition in Home Environments","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2286276551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4560365","mag":"2286276551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/4560365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4560365","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/4560365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/4560365","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101836514","display_name":"M. Humayun Kabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-2051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Humayun Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009371135","display_name":"M. Robiul Hoque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5874-1969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Robiul Hoque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005674786","display_name":"Keshav Thapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-2826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Thapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101490855","display_name":"Sung\u2010Hyun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-764X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Hyun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101836514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":3.2098,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94696022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"4560365","last_page":"4560365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8391560912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.8343685269355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7970582246780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6670635938644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5991347432136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activities-of-daily-living","display_name":"Activities of daily living","score":0.5313523411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5182232856750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4784393608570099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4653635323047638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4595756232738495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4573994278907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.45447996258735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4113050699234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3768289089202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3590996265411377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8391560912132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.8343685269355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7970582246780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6670635938644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5991347432136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79544238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423243","display_name":"Activities of daily living","level":2,"score":0.5313523411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5182232856750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4784393608570099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4653635323047638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4595756232738495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4573994278907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.45447996258735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4113050699234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3768289089202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3590996265411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/4560365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4560365","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/4560365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:12:y:2016:i:1:p:4560365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2016/4560365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8c5412f295549b8a92e70f810044fd8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8c5412f295549b8a92e70f810044fd8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 12 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/4560365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4560365","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2016/4560365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39023591","https://openalex.org/W1497385253","https://openalex.org/W1565064763","https://openalex.org/W1599494361","https://openalex.org/W1924211602","https://openalex.org/W1967320926","https://openalex.org/W1969307352","https://openalex.org/W1977690962","https://openalex.org/W1989804777","https://openalex.org/W2003637680","https://openalex.org/W2031369821","https://openalex.org/W2036502167","https://openalex.org/W2050477740","https://openalex.org/W2054780155","https://openalex.org/W2075547540","https://openalex.org/W2096771210","https://openalex.org/W2105046342","https://openalex.org/W2106076350","https://openalex.org/W2113856781","https://openalex.org/W2121454513","https://openalex.org/W2123277412","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2139902660","https://openalex.org/W2166712377","https://openalex.org/W2168062689","https://openalex.org/W4238805322","https://openalex.org/W4292003697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2735765216","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2995886640","https://openalex.org/W103069296","https://openalex.org/W2989668789","https://openalex.org/W4312127264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Activities":[0],"of":[1,20,92],"Daily":[2],"Livings":[3],"(ADLs)":[4],"refer":[5],"to":[6,36,68,96,110,127],"the":[7,45,56,85,98,103,112,129,136],"activities":[8],"that":[9,42,135],"are":[10],"carried":[11],"out":[12],"by":[13],"an":[14],"individual":[15],"for":[16,25],"everyday":[17],"living.":[18],"Recognition":[19],"ADLs":[21,39],"is":[22],"key":[23],"element":[24],"building":[26],"intelligent":[27],"and":[28,51,82,101],"pervasive":[29],"environments.":[30],"We":[31,60,115],"propose":[32],"a":[33,38],"two-layer":[34],"HMM":[35],"build":[37],"recognition":[40,121,142],"model":[41,138],"can":[43],"represent":[44],"mapping":[46],"between":[47],"low-level":[48],"sensor":[49,58,63,95],"data":[50,73,91,109],"high-level":[52],"activity":[53,99,120],"based":[54],"on":[55],"binary":[57],"data.":[59],"used":[61,71,94,107],"embedded":[62],"with":[64,118],"appliances":[65],"or":[66],"object":[67,70,77,93,106],"get":[69],"sequence":[72,108],"as":[74,76],"well":[75],"name,":[78],"type,":[79],"interaction":[80],"time,":[81],"location.":[83],"In":[84],"first":[86],"layer,":[87],"we":[88],"use":[89],"location":[90],"predict":[97],"class":[100],"in":[102],"second":[104],"layer":[105],"determine":[111],"exact":[113],"activity.":[114],"perform":[116],"comparison":[117],"other":[119,145],"models":[122],"using":[123],"three":[124],"real":[125],"datasets":[126],"validate":[128],"proposed":[130,137],"model.":[131],"The":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"achieves":[139],"significantly":[140],"better":[141],"performance":[143],"than":[144],"models.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}