{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2477019488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2303181","title":"A State-Based Sensitivity Analysis for Distinguishing the Global Importance of Predictor Variables in Artificial Neural Networks","display_name":"A State-Based Sensitivity Analysis for Distinguishing the Global Importance of Predictor Variables in Artificial Neural Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2477019488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2303181","mag":"2477019488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/2303181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2303181","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/2303181.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202405347","display_name":"Advances in Artificial Neural Systems","issn_l":"1687-7594","issn":["1687-7594","1687-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Artificial Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/2303181.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049157497","display_name":"Ehsan Ardjmand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-2159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152830075","display_name":"Frostburg State University","ror":"https://ror.org/048drzm61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152830075"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Ardjmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Department, College of Business, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-2159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Department, College of Business, Frostburg State University, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152830075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110904738","display_name":"David F. Millie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David F. Millie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Palm Island Enviro-Informatics LLC, Sarasota, FL 34232, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Palm Island Enviro-Informatics LLC, Sarasota, FL 34232, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047978060","display_name":"Iman Ghalehkhondabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106879","display_name":"Ohio University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jr3y717","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Ghalehkhondabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-2940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103073766","display_name":"William A. Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-4277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106879","display_name":"Ohio University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jr3y717","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William A. Young II","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-4277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Information Systems Department, College of Business, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070711605","display_name":"Gary R. Weckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-4934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106879","display_name":"Ohio University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jr3y717","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary R. Weckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA","Palm Island Enviro-Informatics LLC, Sarasota, FL 34232, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-4934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Palm Island Enviro-Informatics LLC, Sarasota, FL 34232, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070711605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2764,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69227937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicollinearity","display_name":"Multicollinearity","score":0.7955112457275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7198692560195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7062256336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5626517534255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5353702902793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5190068483352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.49629122018814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4520091116428375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.4306175112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40893495082855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.33946317434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1978086531162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1687173843383789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.7955112457275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7198692560195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7062256336212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5626517534255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5353702902793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5190068483352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49629122018814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4520091116428375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4306175112724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40893495082855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.33946317434310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1978086531162262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1687173843383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/2303181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2303181","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/2303181.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202405347","display_name":"Advances in Artificial Neural Systems","issn_l":"1687-7594","issn":["1687-7594","1687-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Artificial Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/2303181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2303181","pdf_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/2303181.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202405347","display_name":"Advances in Artificial Neural Systems","issn_l":"1687-7594","issn":["1687-7594","1687-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Artificial Neural Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2477019488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2477019488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495464107","https://openalex.org/W1562048304","https://openalex.org/W1968247170","https://openalex.org/W1968576612","https://openalex.org/W1974313232","https://openalex.org/W1986241067","https://openalex.org/W1987428902","https://openalex.org/W1990072743","https://openalex.org/W1994249905","https://openalex.org/W2000532370","https://openalex.org/W2009403659","https://openalex.org/W2010575732","https://openalex.org/W2011297451","https://openalex.org/W2013591251","https://openalex.org/W2014740640","https://openalex.org/W2016830458","https://openalex.org/W2020447479","https://openalex.org/W2023559070","https://openalex.org/W2030707944","https://openalex.org/W2035619190","https://openalex.org/W2039085300","https://openalex.org/W2041202986","https://openalex.org/W2051563170","https://openalex.org/W2056884786","https://openalex.org/W2057332317","https://openalex.org/W2060842690","https://openalex.org/W2071986643","https://openalex.org/W2074898051","https://openalex.org/W2082796663","https://openalex.org/W2083844448","https://openalex.org/W2091207557","https://openalex.org/W2094950035","https://openalex.org/W2095827732","https://openalex.org/W2106100979","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2138585096","https://openalex.org/W2138684301","https://openalex.org/W2140527957","https://openalex.org/W2144756378","https://openalex.org/W2145778689","https://openalex.org/W2156557281","https://openalex.org/W2156921865","https://openalex.org/W2169053895","https://openalex.org/W2278844965","https://openalex.org/W2308419000","https://openalex.org/W2737993238","https://openalex.org/W2913738118","https://openalex.org/W3011730451","https://openalex.org/W3146803896","https://openalex.org/W3203779568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009886987","https://openalex.org/W2268505974","https://openalex.org/W2471894666","https://openalex.org/W1127100678","https://openalex.org/W2907586934","https://openalex.org/W3188410990","https://openalex.org/W4380592025","https://openalex.org/W2101914902","https://openalex.org/W2387884177","https://openalex.org/W2002358553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(ANNs)":[3],"are":[4,26,81,112],"powerful":[5],"empirical":[6],"approaches":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,34,60,103,146,170],"model":[10,37,44],"databases":[11],"with":[12],"a":[13,56,120,138,150,154,204],"high":[14],"degree":[15],"of":[16,36,43,51,58,76,88,107,134,149,166,182,196],"accuracy.":[17],"Despite":[18],"their":[19,30,116,200],"recognition":[20],"as":[21,69],"universal":[22],"approximators,":[23],"many":[24],"practitioners":[25],"skeptical":[27],"about":[28],"adopting":[29],"routine":[31],"usage":[32],"due":[33],"lack":[35,50],"transparency.":[38],"To":[39],"improve":[40],"the":[41,48,62,105,109,132,162,179,183,194],"clarity":[42],"prediction":[45],"and":[46,83,157,173,199],"correct":[47],"apparent":[49],"comprehension,":[52],"researchers":[53],"have":[54],"utilized":[55],"variety":[57],"methodologies":[59],"extract":[61],"underlying":[63],"variable":[64,87],"relationships":[65,168],"within":[66,141,207],"ANNs,":[67],"such":[68],"sensitivity":[70,125],"analysis":[71,126],"(SA).":[72],"The":[73],"theoretical":[74],"basis":[75],"local":[77,171],"SA":[78,172],"(that":[79],"predictors":[80,111],"independent":[82],"inputs":[84],"other":[85],"than":[86],"interest":[89],"remain":[90],"\u201cfixed\u201d":[91],"at":[92],"predefined":[93],"values)":[94],"is":[95,128,189],"challenged":[96],"in":[97,101],"global":[98,122],"SA,":[99],"where,":[100],"addition":[102],"altering":[104],"attribute":[106],"interest,":[108],"remaining":[110],"varied":[113],"concurrently":[114],"across":[115],"respective":[117],"ranges.":[118],"Here,":[119],"regression-based":[121],"methodology,":[123],"state-based":[124],"(SBSA),":[127],"proposed":[129],"for":[130],"measuring":[131],"importance":[133],"predictor":[135,197],"variables":[136],"upon":[137,203],"modeled":[139,184,205],"response":[140],"ANNs.":[142],"SBSA":[143,160],"was":[144],"applied":[145],"network":[147],"models":[148],"synthetic":[151],"database":[152],"having":[153],"defined":[155],"structure":[156],"exhibiting":[158],"multicollinearity.":[159],"achieved":[161],"most":[163],"accurate":[164],"portrayal":[165],"predictor-response":[167],"(compared":[169],"Connected":[174],"Weights":[175],"Analysis),":[176],"closely":[177],"approximating":[178],"actual":[180],"variability":[181],"system.":[185],"From":[186],"this,":[187],"it":[188],"anticipated":[190],"that":[191],"skepticisms":[192],"concerning":[193],"delineation":[195],"influences":[198],"uncertainty":[201],"domains":[202],"output":[206],"ANNs":[208],"will":[209],"be":[210],"curtailed.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}