{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2559639018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1601879","title":"Contact-Free Cognitive Load Recognition Based on Eye Movement","display_name":"Contact-Free Cognitive Load Recognition Based on Eye Movement","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2559639018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1601879","mag":"2559639018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/1601879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1601879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1601879","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101661095","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-1433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-1433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015527515","display_name":"Tong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-4138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-4138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010840761","display_name":"Guoqiang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031291553","display_name":"Guangyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-5947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8058-5947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031291553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"],"apc_list":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"apc_paid":{"value":1100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1100},"fwci":0.7604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80581107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.8553932309150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.7143885493278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.680134654045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.638529360294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.6094687581062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6025426983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5193832516670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.45032209157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.4472997188568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4081208109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3484426736831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34471893310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29341715574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1609371304512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11602991819381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10606220364570618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.8553932309150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.7143885493278503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.680134654045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.638529360294342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.6094687581062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6025426983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5193832516670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45032209157943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.4472997188568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4081208109855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3484426736831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34471893310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29341715574264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1609371304512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11602991819381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10606220364570618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/1601879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1601879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2e88095224c842689c1aa974e1e17982","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2e88095224c842689c1aa974e1e17982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2016 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2016/1601879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1601879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1923206060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDJK2013C124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4478097983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4618895524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SWU115093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5909498561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6665017940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SWU115093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6898304686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7693774556","display_name":"\u4eba\u4f53\u60c5\u611f\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61472330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G872590902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDJK2013C124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323711","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99273843","https://openalex.org/W1555698651","https://openalex.org/W1592598395","https://openalex.org/W1642448760","https://openalex.org/W1963910206","https://openalex.org/W1966518476","https://openalex.org/W1978941942","https://openalex.org/W1993970157","https://openalex.org/W2011635588","https://openalex.org/W2018613899","https://openalex.org/W2050041714","https://openalex.org/W2051592724","https://openalex.org/W2059303722","https://openalex.org/W2060549586","https://openalex.org/W2063705912","https://openalex.org/W2065073464","https://openalex.org/W2070017268","https://openalex.org/W2081244659","https://openalex.org/W2092762459","https://openalex.org/W2110602554","https://openalex.org/W2111517084","https://openalex.org/W2112664689","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2787791465","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4293251968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W2359776416","https://openalex.org/W2353788488","https://openalex.org/W148178222","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W2184114188","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W3188425112","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W1910826599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,128],"cognitive":[1,24,32,47,66,126],"overload":[2],"not":[3],"only":[4],"affects":[5,13],"the":[6,14,20,44,80,92,110,116,133],"physical":[7],"and":[8,17,70,78,124],"mental":[9],"diseases,":[10],"but":[11],"also":[12],"work":[15],"efficiency":[16],"safety.":[18],"Hence,":[19],"research":[21],"of":[22,31,46,91],"measuring":[23],"load":[25,33,48,67],"has":[26],"been":[27],"an":[28],"important":[29],"part":[30],"theory.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,85],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,114],"proposed":[39,107],"a":[40,55,60],"method":[41,134],"to":[42,63,121],"identify":[43],"state":[45,72],"by":[49,97],"using":[50,98],"eye":[51,81,93],"movement":[52,82,94],"data":[53,83],"in":[54,73,84,139],"noncontact":[56],"manner.":[57],"We":[58],"designed":[59],"visual":[61],"experiment":[62],"elicit":[64],"human\u2019s":[65],"as":[68],"high":[69,123],"low":[71,125],"two":[74],"light":[75,140],"intense":[76],"environments":[77],"recorded":[79],"whole":[86],"process.":[87],"Twelve":[88],"salient":[89],"features":[90,105],"were":[95],"selected":[96],"statistic":[99],"test.":[100],"Algorithms":[101],"for":[102,108],"processing":[103],"some":[104],"are":[106],"increasing":[109],"recognition":[111],"rate.":[112],"Finally":[113],"used":[115],"support":[117],"vector":[118],"machine":[119],"(SVM)":[120],"classify":[122],"load.":[127],"experimental":[129],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"can":[135],"achieve":[136],"90.25%":[137],"accuracy":[138],"controlled":[141],"condition.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}