{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2002720361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/964098","title":"Variable Step-Size Method Based on a Reference Separation System for Source Separation","display_name":"Variable Step-Size Method Based on a Reference Separation System for Source Separation","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2002720361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/964098","mag":"2002720361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/964098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/964098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/964098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/964098.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103152160","display_name":"Pengcheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-787X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-787X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100508673","display_name":"Zhigang Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757845","display_name":"Wei Jian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002311337","display_name":"Wei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103152160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2375},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05058059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6414925456047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.6335185170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signal-separation","display_name":"Blind signal separation","score":0.6088634729385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.549552321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5373337268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5055594444274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.5031210780143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-separation","display_name":"Source separation","score":0.4989504814147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4655874967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.46351778507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","score":0.4488058388233185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41736865043640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.36929333209991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3497914671897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25204771757125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.14063280820846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13230517506599426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6414925456047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6335185170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120317606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105967","display_name":"Blind signal separation","level":3,"score":0.6088634729385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.549552321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5373337268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5055594444274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.5031210780143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776864781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52617913","display_name":"Source separation","level":2,"score":0.4989504814147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4655874967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.46351778507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4488058388233185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41736865043640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36929333209991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3497914671897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25204771757125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.14063280820846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13230517506599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/964098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/964098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/964098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3eb7737105624d08bab43e7620ff3f60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3eb7737105624d08bab43e7620ff3f60","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2015 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/964098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/964098","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/964098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G106195503","display_name":"\u5feb\u901f\u79fb\u52a8\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u6805\u683c\u6b63\u4ea4\u9891\u5206\u590d\u7528(LOFDM)\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"60772083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3438984637","display_name":"\u65e0\u7ebf\u4fe1\u9053\u7edf\u8ba1\u590d\u7528\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61172061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5315835592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5725849789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK2011117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6626800926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6785243435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61172061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7325521911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"60772083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G86209050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK2011117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002720361.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2002720361.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567633560","https://openalex.org/W1970789124","https://openalex.org/W1977067929","https://openalex.org/W1986159300","https://openalex.org/W1991840148","https://openalex.org/W1998544716","https://openalex.org/W2018844102","https://openalex.org/W2023294530","https://openalex.org/W2039042595","https://openalex.org/W2056716724","https://openalex.org/W2065346482","https://openalex.org/W2097133676","https://openalex.org/W2103419884","https://openalex.org/W2113907273","https://openalex.org/W2133069808","https://openalex.org/W2140230967","https://openalex.org/W2141573408","https://openalex.org/W2143743275","https://openalex.org/W2143949380","https://openalex.org/W2152321507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509813908","https://openalex.org/W2031820693","https://openalex.org/W3024816962","https://openalex.org/W973023320","https://openalex.org/W1910172735","https://openalex.org/W2118307209","https://openalex.org/W2107364365","https://openalex.org/W2539388437","https://openalex.org/W2107688514","https://openalex.org/W2137288760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"variable":[1,40,141],"step-size":[2,12,41,130,142],"methods":[3,143],"are":[4],"effective":[5],"to":[6,75,90,110],"solve":[7],"the":[8,20,29,56,78,92,99,105,108,117,128,133],"problem":[9],"of":[10,23,82,96,101,107],"choosing":[11],"in":[13,80,132,144],"adaptive":[14],"blind":[15,50],"source":[16,51,58,62],"separation":[17,46,73],"process.":[18],"But":[19],"initial":[21],"setting":[22],"learning":[24],"rate":[25],"is":[26,32,88],"vital,":[27],"and":[28,60,123,147],"convergence":[30,122],"speed":[31],"still":[33],"low.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"a":[38,71],"novel":[39],"method":[42,119,131],"based":[43],"on":[44],"reference":[45,72],"system":[47,74],"for":[48,98],"online":[49],"separation.":[52],"The":[53,94],"correlation":[54,79],"between":[55],"estimated":[57],"signals":[59,63],"original":[61],"increases":[64],"along":[65],"with":[66],"iteration.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"we":[69],"introduce":[70],"approximately":[76],"estimate":[77],"terms":[81],"mean":[83],"square":[84],"error":[85],"(MSE),":[86],"which":[87],"utilized":[89],"update":[91],"step-size.":[93],"use":[95],"\u201cminibatches\u201d":[97],"computation":[100],"MSE":[102],"can":[103],"reduce":[104],"complexity":[106],"algorithm":[109],"some":[111],"extent.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"simulations":[114],"demonstrate":[115],"that":[116],"proposed":[118],"exhibits":[120],"superior":[121],"better":[124],"steady-state":[125],"performance":[126],"over":[127],"fixed":[129],"noise-free":[134],"case,":[135],"while":[136],"converging":[137],"faster":[138],"than":[139],"classical":[140],"both":[145],"stationary":[146],"nonstationary":[148],"environments.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}