{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991876122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913489","title":"Feature Engineering for Drug Name Recognition in Biomedical Texts: Feature Conjunction and Feature Selection","display_name":"Feature Engineering for Drug Name Recognition in Biomedical Texts: Feature Conjunction and Feature Selection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991876122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913489","mag":"1991876122","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25861377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/913489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913489","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2015/913489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2015/913489.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001306787","display_name":"Shengyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5760-6798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014238603","display_name":"Buzhou Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-8246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buzhou Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-8246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101895423","display_name":"Qingcai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-7293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingcai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424254","display_name":"Xiaolong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049769564","display_name":"Xiaoming Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Network Oriented Intelligent Computation, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101895423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.478,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81680834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunction","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","score":0.9143491983413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7576572895050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7479526400566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7020704746246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singleton","display_name":"Singleton","score":0.6802195310592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6142048835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5325267314910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4998586177825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49087339639663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.4841897785663605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3443799316883087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3332787752151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0953359603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.0837772786617279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.9143491983413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7576572895050049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7479526400566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7020704746246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117354338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165112","display_name":"Singleton","level":3,"score":0.6802195310592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6142048835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5325267314910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4998586177825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49087339639663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.4841897785663605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3443799316883087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3332787752151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0953359603881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.0837772786617279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/913489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913489","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2015/913489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25861377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25861377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c53eb8a309dd4af7be050e56d9b9bd35","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c53eb8a309dd4af7be050e56d9b9bd35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2015 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3354498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4377447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/913489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/913489","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2015/913489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1422164818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20140417172417105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2060668466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2350075274","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u771f\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u95ee\u7b54\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4223018868","display_name":"\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u4e3b\u6574\u5408\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61173075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7128034784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8797872116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20140508161040764","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991876122.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1991876122.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103980920","https://openalex.org/W1970095690","https://openalex.org/W2004763266","https://openalex.org/W2018874418","https://openalex.org/W2023450550","https://openalex.org/W2039377777","https://openalex.org/W2047782770","https://openalex.org/W2096953947","https://openalex.org/W2103333826","https://openalex.org/W2114361266","https://openalex.org/W2116093010","https://openalex.org/W2121244856","https://openalex.org/W2130160813","https://openalex.org/W2135616521","https://openalex.org/W2137052779","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2145870108","https://openalex.org/W2148488766","https://openalex.org/W2149369282","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2154142897","https://openalex.org/W2159640576","https://openalex.org/W2160022416","https://openalex.org/W2168041406","https://openalex.org/W2169099542","https://openalex.org/W2169491861","https://openalex.org/W2184865040","https://openalex.org/W2250640910","https://openalex.org/W2250713895","https://openalex.org/W2251593362","https://openalex.org/W2251794383","https://openalex.org/W2435251607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573992054","https://openalex.org/W1599690842","https://openalex.org/W2753053412","https://openalex.org/W2665157442","https://openalex.org/W3108840034","https://openalex.org/W4388169484","https://openalex.org/W2363259562","https://openalex.org/W3036937347","https://openalex.org/W4360615883","https://openalex.org/W2995892932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drug":[0],"name":[1],"recognition":[2],"(DNR)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,53,78,160],"critical":[6],"step":[7],"for":[8,19,87,105],"drug":[9],"information":[10,86,134],"extraction.":[11],"Machine":[12],"learning-based":[13,39],"methods":[14,40],"have":[15,108],"been":[16,110],"widely":[17],"used":[18,35,137],"DNR":[20,88,157,167],"with":[21,159],"various":[22],"types":[23,116],"of":[24,56,77,117,155,163],"features":[25,44,51,58,61,69,119,125,164],"such":[26],"as":[27],"part-of-speech,":[28],"word":[29,79],"shape,":[30],"and":[31,52,102,120,133,148,165],"dictionary":[32],"feature.":[33],"Features":[34],"in":[36,126,174],"current":[37],"machine":[38],"are":[41,62,80,136],"usually":[42],"singleton":[43,60,68,118],"which":[45,107],"may":[46],"be":[47,93],"due":[48],"to":[49,83,138],"explosive":[50],"large":[54],"number":[55,162],"noisy":[57],"when":[59,89],"combined":[63],"into":[64,123],"conjunction":[65,101,124,147],"features.":[66,141],"However,":[67],"that":[70,145],"can":[71,151],"only":[72],"capture":[73],"one":[74],"linguistic":[75],"characteristic":[76],"not":[81],"sufficient":[82],"describe":[84],"the":[85,153,156,171,175],"multiple":[90],"characteristics":[91],"should":[92],"considered.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"study,":[97],"we":[98],"explore":[99],"feature":[100,103,146,149],"selection":[104,150],"DNR,":[106],"never":[109],"reported.":[111],"We":[112],"intuitively":[113],"select":[114],"8":[115],"combine":[121],"them":[122],"two":[127],"ways.":[128],"Then,":[129],"Chi-square,":[130],"mutual":[131],"information,":[132],"gain":[135],"mine":[139],"effective":[140],"Experimental":[142],"results":[143],"show":[144],"improve":[152],"performance":[154],"system":[158,168,173],"moderate":[161],"our":[166],"significantly":[169],"outperforms":[170],"best":[172],"DDIExtraction":[176],"2013":[177],"challenge.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}