{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151786798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/781932","title":"Improving Both Energy and Time Efficiency of Depth-Based Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks","display_name":"Improving Both Energy and Time Efficiency of Depth-Based Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151786798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/781932","mag":"2151786798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/781932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/781932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/781932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090328369","display_name":"Boyu Diao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103245119","display_name":"Yongjun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-0986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055016576","display_name":"Zhulin An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-8293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhulin An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455817","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-0535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-0535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323209","display_name":"Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":10.0513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98214355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8182933926582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6866719722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6746963262557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-routing","display_name":"Geographic routing","score":0.6069597005844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5992804169654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.5446918606758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.4897582530975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.4778535068035126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4280482530593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-cost-multi-path-routing","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","score":0.42123281955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.41825827956199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37058213353157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.356489360332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19738507270812988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8182933926582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6866719722747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6746963262557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50558702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535067","display_name":"Geographic routing","level":5,"score":0.6069597005844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5992804169654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.5446918606758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.4897582530975342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.4778535068035126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4280482530593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115443555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5367790","display_name":"Equal-cost multi-path routing","level":5,"score":0.42123281955718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.41825827956199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37058213353157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.356489360332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19738507270812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/781932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/781932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:11:y:2015:i:10:p:781932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2015/781932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3eb1fb9c6a2849c2a8891955ac08c025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3eb1fb9c6a2849c2a8891955ac08c025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 11 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/781932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/781932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1033192550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61303245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7873130519","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u8026\u5408\u632f\u8361\u5668\u6a21\u578b\u5173\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61173132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58949250","https://openalex.org/W1549535141","https://openalex.org/W1554648094","https://openalex.org/W1556920999","https://openalex.org/W1604225584","https://openalex.org/W1982494121","https://openalex.org/W2013414343","https://openalex.org/W2029368383","https://openalex.org/W2040924935","https://openalex.org/W2041587597","https://openalex.org/W2048065343","https://openalex.org/W2091581981","https://openalex.org/W2099574482","https://openalex.org/W2101963262","https://openalex.org/W2102915100","https://openalex.org/W2107201417","https://openalex.org/W2124651399","https://openalex.org/W2140676941","https://openalex.org/W2157457404","https://openalex.org/W2160326135","https://openalex.org/W2161437547","https://openalex.org/W2165037223","https://openalex.org/W2167230748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035942111","https://openalex.org/W1997091564","https://openalex.org/W1998255551","https://openalex.org/W2740434786","https://openalex.org/W2138640781","https://openalex.org/W2024984474","https://openalex.org/W2102655743","https://openalex.org/W2620451430","https://openalex.org/W1968750272","https://openalex.org/W2767761285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"Sensor":[1],"Network":[2,42],"(UWSN)":[3],"is":[4,28,46,71,88,95,103,180],"a":[5,113,184],"representative":[6],"three-dimensional":[7,69],"wireless":[8],"sensor":[9],"network.":[10],"Due":[11],"to":[12,64,73,92,106,109,144,182],"the":[13,146,152,159],"unique":[14],"characteristics":[15],"of":[16,44,139,155],"underwater":[17,76,137],"acoustic":[18,39],"communication,":[19],"providing":[20],"energy-efficient":[21,162],"and":[22,37,48,128],"low-latency":[23,175],"routing":[24,63,80,164,177],"protocols":[25,60,192],"for":[26,98],"UWSNs":[27,45],"challenging.":[29],"Major":[30],"challenges":[31],"are":[32,193],"water":[33],"currents,":[34],"limited":[35],"resources,":[36],"long":[38],"propagation":[40],"delay.":[41,131],"topology":[43],"dynamic":[47],"complex":[49],"as":[50],"sensors":[51],"have":[52],"always":[53],"been":[54],"moving":[55],"with":[56],"currents.":[57],"Some":[58],"proposed":[59,191],"adopt":[61],"geographic":[62],"address":[65,145],"this":[66,133],"problem,":[67],"but":[68],"localization":[70],"hard":[72],"obtain":[74],"in":[75,171],"environment.":[77],"As":[78],"depth-based":[79,163,176],"protocol":[81,165,178],"(DBR)":[82],"uses":[83],"depth":[84,101],"information":[85,102],"only":[86],"which":[87,123],"much":[89],"more":[90,96],"easier":[91],"obtain,":[93],"it":[94],"practical":[97],"UWSNs.":[99],"However,":[100],"not":[104],"enough":[105],"restrict":[107],"packets":[108],"be":[110,118],"forwarded":[111,119],"within":[112],"particular":[114],"area.":[115],"Packets":[116],"may":[117],"through":[120,186,195],"multiple":[121],"paths":[122],"might":[124],"cause":[125],"energy":[126,169],"waste":[127],"increase":[129],"end-to-end":[130],"In":[132],"paper,":[134],"we":[135,157],"introduce":[136],"time":[138],"arrival":[140],"(ToA)":[141],"ranging":[142],"technique":[143],"problem":[147],"above.":[148],"To":[149],"maintain":[150],"all":[151],"original":[153],"advantages":[154],"DBR,":[156],"make":[158],"following":[160],"contributions:":[161],"that":[166,179],"reduces":[167],"redundancy":[168],"cost":[170],"some":[172],"blind":[173],"zones;":[174],"able":[181],"deliver":[183],"packet":[185],"an":[187],"optimal":[188],"path.":[189],"The":[190],"validated":[194],"extensive":[196],"simulations.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}