{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998393984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/548602","title":"A System of Driving Fatigue Detection Based on Machine Vision and Its Application on Smart Device","display_name":"A System of Driving Fatigue Detection Based on Machine Vision and Its Application on Smart Device","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998393984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/548602","mag":"1998393984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/548602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/548602","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/548602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/548602.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003649465","display_name":"Wanzeng Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-6968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanzeng Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090557039","display_name":"Lingxiao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2004-0929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingxiao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101969072","display_name":"Yizhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618160","display_name":"Jianhai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-0405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357347","display_name":"Jianhui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-3602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047322924","display_name":"Shenyong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-7935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160030","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg5b632","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenyong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering and Art Design, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering and Art Design, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003649465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":3.5564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92058755,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9581999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.8177030086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6772533059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6650288701057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6128474473953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.5616567134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5575032234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3466559946537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34074562788009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.2779585123062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.16370967030525208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.8177030086517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6772533059120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6650288701057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6128474473953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.5616567134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5575032234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3466559946537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34074562788009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.2779585123062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.16370967030525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/548602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/548602","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/548602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:baf0b1262433419ea9318872dc2952ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/baf0b1262433419ea9318872dc2952ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2015 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/548602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/548602","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2015/548602.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1048625615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY13F020033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1049958643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014DFG12570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1154074055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY13F020033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2288087376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011C14017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5969658320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014DFG12570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7479566664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011C14017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G748769704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61102028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762232396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8904596293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61102028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998393984.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998393984.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504178287","https://openalex.org/W1868002539","https://openalex.org/W1935313881","https://openalex.org/W1965578057","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1990974190","https://openalex.org/W2023133322","https://openalex.org/W2024999295","https://openalex.org/W2033203193","https://openalex.org/W2074471136","https://openalex.org/W2079838091","https://openalex.org/W2084812107","https://openalex.org/W2117190240","https://openalex.org/W2127842962","https://openalex.org/W2134233642","https://openalex.org/W2135646578","https://openalex.org/W2146182319","https://openalex.org/W2150463764","https://openalex.org/W2244512746","https://openalex.org/W2364714847","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4248437541","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096042813","https://openalex.org/W2047758967","https://openalex.org/W2294130405","https://openalex.org/W2242267494","https://openalex.org/W2116589437","https://openalex.org/W2392583168","https://openalex.org/W2373143428","https://openalex.org/W2063332791","https://openalex.org/W1877595604","https://openalex.org/W2349172669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driving":[0],"fatigue":[1,26,147,171],"is":[2,68,118],"one":[3],"of":[4,35,57,66,74,80,102,106],"the":[5,92,116,141,155],"most":[6],"important":[7],"factors":[8],"in":[9,46,91,110,173],"traffic":[10],"accidents.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"paper,":[14],"we":[15],"proposed":[16,49,142],"an":[17],"improved":[18],"strategy":[19,50],"and":[20,31,37,60,83,96,104,133,151],"practical":[21],"system":[22,117,143,156],"to":[23,71,88,129],"detect":[24,89,145],"driving":[25,170],"based":[27],"on":[28],"machine":[29],"vision":[30],"Adaboost":[32,44],"algorithm.":[33],"Kinds":[34],"face":[36,53,59],"eye":[38,67],"classifiers":[39,56,79],"are":[40,86,108],"well":[41],"trained":[42,78],"by":[43,55],"algorithm":[45],"advance.":[47],"The":[48,98],"firstly":[51],"detects":[52],"efficiently":[54],"front":[58],"deflected":[61],"face.":[62],"Then,":[63],"candidate":[64,93],"region":[65,94],"determined":[69],"according":[70],"geometric":[72],"distribution":[73],"facial":[75],"organs.":[76],"Finally,":[77],"open":[81],"eyes":[82,85,90],"closed":[84],"used":[87,168],"quickly":[95],"accurately.":[97],"indexes":[99],"which":[100],"consist":[101],"PERCLOS":[103],"duration":[105],"closed-state":[107],"extracted":[109],"video":[111],"frames":[112],"real":[113,149],"time.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"transplanted":[119],"into":[120,160],"smart":[121,162],"device,":[122,163],"that":[123,140],"is,":[124],"smartphone":[125],"or":[126],"tablet,":[127],"due":[128],"its":[130],"own":[131],"camera":[132],"powerful":[134],"calculation":[135],"performance.":[136],"Practical":[137],"tests":[138],"demonstrated":[139],"can":[144],"driver":[146],"with":[148],"time":[150],"high":[152],"accuracy.":[153],"As":[154],"has":[157],"been":[158],"planted":[159],"portable":[161],"it":[164],"could":[165],"be":[166],"widely":[167],"for":[169],"detection":[172],"daily":[174],"life.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
