{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1494593189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/306801","title":"Analysis and Solutions to 3G Gateway Issues in Agriculture WSNs","display_name":"Analysis and Solutions to 3G Gateway Issues in Agriculture WSNs","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1494593189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/306801","mag":"1494593189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/306801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/306801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/306801","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101058409","display_name":"Zhihui Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing Technology, Nanning 530004, China","School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing Technology, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431643","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-1872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083166449","display_name":"Tao Shen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Shen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing Technology, Nanning 530004, China","School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing Technology, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101492539","display_name":"Ye Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-6333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101058409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.3504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64227293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"306801","last_page":"306801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.957809329032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8595421314239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7852680683135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7432224154472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeout","display_name":"Timeout","score":0.6384353637695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timer","display_name":"Timer","score":0.6225045919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.43610742688179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.42532339692115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.41703149676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3594590127468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.27909398078918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14457657933235168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.957809329032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8595421314239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7852680683135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7432224154472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31691690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753979","display_name":"Timeout","level":2,"score":0.6384353637695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776633867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186612","display_name":"Timer","level":3,"score":0.6225045919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.43610742688179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.42532339692115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.41703149676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3594590127468109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27909398078918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14457657933235168}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/306801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/306801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:11:y:2015:i:6:p:306801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2015/306801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e51971914dd04844b24f8d925029f12f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e51971914dd04844b24f8d925029f12f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 11 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/306801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/306801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2493851427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013JGB113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3478492157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61163060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335430","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4959687231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012GXNSFAA053226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335430","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5471578752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61462007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5503042810","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013JGB113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335430","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5525803661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61363067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335430","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6246896461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61163060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6455000433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61462007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335430","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6689838955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012GXNSFAA053226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6698824643","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61363067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335430","display_name":"Guangxi Experiment Center of Information Science","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484781764","https://openalex.org/W1601169863","https://openalex.org/W1627919342","https://openalex.org/W1780788705","https://openalex.org/W1877873085","https://openalex.org/W2005392022","https://openalex.org/W2038691016","https://openalex.org/W2061539853","https://openalex.org/W2077133623","https://openalex.org/W2077534480","https://openalex.org/W2085780454","https://openalex.org/W2097970488","https://openalex.org/W2111704751","https://openalex.org/W2120447609","https://openalex.org/W2144190599","https://openalex.org/W2153486199","https://openalex.org/W2160118013","https://openalex.org/W2163658465","https://openalex.org/W2281233864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097668316","https://openalex.org/W2160048007","https://openalex.org/W2948327865","https://openalex.org/W2099970725","https://openalex.org/W3163996545","https://openalex.org/W4398198038","https://openalex.org/W2376612289","https://openalex.org/W1993460626","https://openalex.org/W2023612420","https://openalex.org/W2150040139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1],"networks":[2],"(WSN)":[3],"are":[4,61,66],"used":[5],"extensively":[6],"in":[7,55],"various":[8],"important":[9],"areas":[10],"of":[11,14,21,71,100,124,134],"agriculture.":[12],"Many":[13],"the":[15,19,30,40,74,83,89,98,110,115,128,132],"associated":[16],"activities":[17],"involve":[18],"transmission":[20],"data":[22],"or":[23],"control":[24],"commands":[25],"through":[26],"gateways":[27],"that":[28,60],"connect":[29],"servers":[31],"to":[32,63,93,113,118,126],"3G":[33],"networks.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,135],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,140],"investigate":[39],"issues":[41],"caused":[42],"by":[43],"Radio":[44],"Resource":[45],"Control":[46],"(RRC)":[47],"state":[48,117],"transitions,":[49],"which":[50],"introduce":[51],"high":[52],"sudden":[53],"delays":[54,65],"TCP":[56,77],"packets.":[57],"The":[58],"packets":[59],"subjected":[62],"these":[64],"then":[67],"usually":[68],"retransmitted":[69],"because":[70,104],"timeouts.":[72],"Further,":[73],"recently":[75],"recommended":[76],"retransmission":[78,85,137],"timer":[79],"settings":[80],"(RFC6298)":[81],"reduce":[82],"initial":[84],"timeout":[86],"(RTO)":[87],"from":[88],"previous":[90],"three":[91],"seconds":[92],"one":[94],"second,":[95],"further":[96],"exacerbating":[97],"phenomenon":[99,129],"SYN":[101,106],"packet":[102,107,112],"retransmission,":[103],"a":[105,122],"is":[108],"always":[109],"first":[111],"trigger":[114],"RRC":[116],"change.":[119],"We":[120],"conduct":[121],"number":[123],"tests":[125],"examine":[127],"and":[130],"analyze":[131],"effect":[133],"spurious":[136],"timeout.":[138],"Consequently,":[139],"propose":[141],"recommendations":[142],"for":[143],"improvement.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
