{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1589636315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/280674","title":"Localizing Wireless Sensors with Diverse Granularities in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Localizing Wireless Sensors with Diverse Granularities in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1589636315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/280674","mag":"1589636315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/280674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/280674","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2015/280674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2015/280674","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101483106","display_name":"Xiaoyan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-9053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761685","display_name":"Qi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G4"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G4","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018639123","display_name":"Xin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456563","display_name":"Liang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8701-4389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101984928","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-8609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028239186","display_name":"Weike Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-3083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weike Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101483106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03340768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":"280674","last_page":"280674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8412357568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.8277456164360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.7594903111457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.6791425347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6464889645576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5777056813240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.5172082185745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5107107162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46784886717796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4656682014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4399802088737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.35186222195625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13696905970573425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8412357568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.8277456164360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.7594903111457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.6791425347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6464889645576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5777056813240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.5172082185745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5107107162475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46784886717796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4656682014465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4399802088737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.35186222195625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13696905970573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/280674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/280674","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2015/280674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:11:y:2015:i:8:p:280674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2015/280674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:301f6c9693104fbcaa198e19d14a2802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/301f6c9693104fbcaa198e19d14a2802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 11 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/280674","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/280674","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2015/280674","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5032445774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013BAK01B02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6195856679","display_name":"\u5206\u533a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u8fc1\u79fb\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5927\u578b\u571f\u9057\u5740\u4f20\u611f\u7f51\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61170218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6238932580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012M521797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6756551826","display_name":"\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f20\u611f\u7f51\u7684QoS\u4fdd\u969c\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61202393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7777110359","display_name":"\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u76d1\u6d4b\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u591a\u76ee\u6807\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1589636315.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506974941","https://openalex.org/W1607663175","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1856571580","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1989782635","https://openalex.org/W1990273538","https://openalex.org/W1999233510","https://openalex.org/W2006805041","https://openalex.org/W2053458596","https://openalex.org/W2066054507","https://openalex.org/W2077287651","https://openalex.org/W2100796177","https://openalex.org/W2110724311","https://openalex.org/W2123825896","https://openalex.org/W2132755557","https://openalex.org/W2133710940","https://openalex.org/W2137196368","https://openalex.org/W2138800639","https://openalex.org/W2144821117","https://openalex.org/W2155068963","https://openalex.org/W2156075923","https://openalex.org/W2158248866","https://openalex.org/W2167897410","https://openalex.org/W2168125208","https://openalex.org/W4210842697","https://openalex.org/W4245268430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799361348","https://openalex.org/W1977342959","https://openalex.org/W2053773563","https://openalex.org/W2148549110","https://openalex.org/W2067121920","https://openalex.org/W2371193381","https://openalex.org/W2545116705","https://openalex.org/W1536182396","https://openalex.org/W1657620843","https://openalex.org/W2565425112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"obtain":[1],"accurate":[2],"location":[3],"information":[4],"of":[5,10,33,36,47,124,139],"individual":[6],"sensor":[7,15,37,49,125],"nodes":[8,50,126],"is":[9,25],"vital":[11],"importance":[12],"in":[13,127],"wireless":[14,40],"networks":[16],"(WSNs),":[17],"especially":[18],"for":[19,108],"objective":[20],"tracking":[21],"applications.":[22],"However,":[23],"it":[24],"challenging":[26],"to":[27,58,120],"acquire":[28],"fine-grained":[29],"localization":[30,70,110,149],"accuracy":[31],"because":[32],"resource":[34],"constraints":[35],"nodes,":[38],"unreliable":[39],"communication,":[41],"and":[42,51,133,141],"cost.":[43],"Moreover,":[44],"heterogeneous":[45],"characteristics":[46],"both":[48],"applications":[52],"make":[53],"this":[54,61],"problem":[55],"even":[56],"harder":[57],"solve.":[59],"In":[60],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"NLMR,":[65],"a":[66,103,128],"novel":[67],"on-demand":[68],"node":[69,91,95,113],"technology":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73],"multiresolution":[74,98,104],"model.":[75],"NLMR":[76,140],"comprises":[77],"three":[78],"phases:":[79],"(1)":[80],"subregion":[81],"classification,":[82],"which":[83,101,115],"categorizes":[84],"regions":[85],"into":[86],"subregions":[87],"with":[88,151],"either":[89],"uniform":[90],"deployment":[92],"or":[93],"nonuniform":[94],"deployment;":[96],"(2)":[97],"model":[99,105],"construction,":[100],"creates":[102],"that":[106,143],"caters":[107],"diverse":[109,148],"granularity;":[111],"(3)":[112],"localization,":[114],"allows":[116],"the":[117,122,137],"control":[118],"center":[119],"estimate":[121],"locations":[123],"centralized":[129],"manner.":[130],"Our":[131],"analysis":[132],"simulation":[134],"results":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"performance":[138],"verify":[142],"our":[144],"scheme":[145],"can":[146],"provide":[147],"granularity":[150],"high":[152],"probability.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
