{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1836271902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/239591","title":"Implementation and Analysis of Clustering Techniques Applied on Pocket Switched Network","display_name":"Implementation and Analysis of Clustering Techniques Applied on Pocket Switched Network","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1836271902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/239591","mag":"1836271902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/239591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/239591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/239591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101918290","display_name":"Muhammad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1810-3545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060084017","display_name":"Mah-Rukh Fida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7660-1150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112819271","display_name":"Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s2rk252","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112819271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mah-Rukh Fida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112819271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013003496","display_name":"Ameer Shakayb Arsalaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ameer Shakayb Arsalaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Attock, Attock 43600, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Attock, Attock 43600, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109222397","display_name":"Awais Adnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-8339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awais Adnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101918290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.9985,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78855624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"239591","last_page":"239591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8788761496543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.692769467830658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6628060340881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.617246150970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.559040367603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-social-network","display_name":"Mobile social network","score":0.5468631386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.5289865732192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5233879685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.523129403591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5204744338989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.48153072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4267319440841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-tolerant-networking","display_name":"Delay-tolerant networking","score":0.4212297797203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.41793879866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.17323315143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11619323492050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.1011573076248169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8788761496543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.692769467830658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6628060340881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.617246150970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.559040367603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780228002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2059727","display_name":"Mobile social network","level":3,"score":0.5468631386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.5289865732192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5233879685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.523129403591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5204744338989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.48153072595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4267319440841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53264328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55320","display_name":"Delay-tolerant networking","level":5,"score":0.4212297797203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.41793879866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.17323315143585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11619323492050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.1011573076248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/239591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/239591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:11:y:2015:i:9:p:239591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2015/239591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1653bf402cfe4ea4a67092b9c5d6d958","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1653bf402cfe4ea4a67092b9c5d6d958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 11 (2015)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/239591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/239591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34519199","https://openalex.org/W130821963","https://openalex.org/W1596290048","https://openalex.org/W1601520533","https://openalex.org/W1967140769","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1986519866","https://openalex.org/W2072843224","https://openalex.org/W2088460049","https://openalex.org/W2105249702","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2141758992","https://openalex.org/W2145395604","https://openalex.org/W2145636261","https://openalex.org/W2151689175","https://openalex.org/W2154310683","https://openalex.org/W2170904274","https://openalex.org/W2397551671","https://openalex.org/W3101413764","https://openalex.org/W3112113942","https://openalex.org/W4214498484","https://openalex.org/W4235771431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047259201","https://openalex.org/W2938528237","https://openalex.org/W2900704462","https://openalex.org/W3097197318","https://openalex.org/W4236386690","https://openalex.org/W2051661447","https://openalex.org/W4385202051","https://openalex.org/W2142807292","https://openalex.org/W2169653464","https://openalex.org/W1993182039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clustering":[0],"is":[1,33,82,135],"an":[2,24,36,43],"extraction":[3],"of":[4,11,66,88,108],"closely":[5],"knitted":[6],"groups":[7],"from":[8,19],"a":[9,153],"set":[10],"nodes.":[12],"Its":[13],"benefits":[14],"in":[15,42,54,79,132],"social":[16,29,56,89,102],"network":[17,30,103],"range":[18],"applying":[20],"marketing":[21],"schemes":[22,134],"on":[23],"appropriate":[25],"interest":[26],"group":[27],"to":[28,122,127,139,149],"analysis.":[31],"It":[32],"also":[34],"considered":[35],"important":[37],"tool":[38],"for":[39,100],"efficient":[40,77],"communication":[41,110],"intermittent":[44],"Pocket":[45],"Switched":[46],"Network":[47],"(PSN).":[48],"Contact":[49],"probability":[50],"between":[51,68,143],"mobile":[52],"devices":[53],"disrupted":[55],"networks":[57,81],"greatly":[58],"depends":[59],"upon":[60,85],"the":[61,69,105],"mobility":[62],"profile":[63],"and":[64,76,148],"level":[65],"relationships":[67],"device":[70],"holders.":[71],"Unlike":[72],"flat":[73],"routing,":[74,130],"scalable":[75],"routing":[78],"these":[80],"highly":[83],"dependent":[84],"accurate":[86],"derivation":[87],"circles":[90],"or":[91],"clusters.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"therefore":[95],"evaluates":[96],"existing":[97,133],"clustering":[98],"techniques":[99],"terrestrial":[101],"with":[104],"end":[106],"aim":[107],"minimizing":[109],"overhead":[111],"by":[112],"identifying":[113],"those":[114],"message":[115,120],"carriers":[116],"that":[117],"can":[118],"bring":[119],"closer":[121],"destination":[123,146,155],"node.":[124],"In":[125],"order":[126],"ensure":[128],"intercluster":[129],"modification":[131],"proposed":[136],"so":[137],"as":[138],"detect":[140],"bridge":[141],"nodes":[142],"single":[144],"hop":[145],"clusters":[147],"find":[150],"path":[151],"towards":[152],"disjoint":[154],"cluster.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
