{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065476422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850835","title":"Simplified Pedestrian Tracking Filters with Positioning and Foot-Mounted Inertial Sensors","display_name":"Simplified Pedestrian Tracking Filters with Positioning and Foot-Mounted Inertial Sensors","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065476422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850835","mag":"2065476422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/850835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850835","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2014/850835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2014/850835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030283015","display_name":"Henar Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-8347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henar Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-8347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101704318","display_name":"Juan A. Besada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan A. Besada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022221269","display_name":"Ana M. Bernardos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7678-8154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana M. Bernardos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067412848","display_name":"Eduardo Metola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-7348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Metola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-7348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039083055","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 R. Casar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 R. Casar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicaci\u00f3n, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030283015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.8516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77943179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"850835","last_page":"850835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8576396107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6825506091117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6622870564460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.6397140622138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.6253728866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5908827185630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.5778906345367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5656427145004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.554485559463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.513232946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.4158777892589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3682364225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.31843364238739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3176960051059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.25614291429519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14376673102378845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8576396107673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6825506091117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6622870564460754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.6397140622138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.6253728866577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5908827185630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.5778906345367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5656427145004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.554485559463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.513232946395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.4158777892589569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3682364225387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.31843364238739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3176960051059723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.25614291429519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14376673102378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/850835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850835","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2014/850835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:intdis:v:10:y:2014:i:9:p:850835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1155/2014/850835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:432f2db9e450478c98266aa7ff16655d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/432f2db9e450478c98266aa7ff16655d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, Vol 10 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/850835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/850835","pdf_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2014/850835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64417657","display_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","issn_l":"1550-1329","issn":["1550-1329","1550-1477"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3190065786","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2011-28626-C02-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3454926910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IPT-2011-1052-390000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6214950925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"S2009/TIC-1485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2065476422.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2065476422.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W290129977","https://openalex.org/W304861154","https://openalex.org/W1579438189","https://openalex.org/W2015061137","https://openalex.org/W2018596386","https://openalex.org/W2046648245","https://openalex.org/W2056427752","https://openalex.org/W2070027626","https://openalex.org/W2079251198","https://openalex.org/W2106226434","https://openalex.org/W2124647600","https://openalex.org/W2141263318","https://openalex.org/W2145323322","https://openalex.org/W2145890451","https://openalex.org/W2155370000","https://openalex.org/W2155861586","https://openalex.org/W2156499774","https://openalex.org/W2188317682","https://openalex.org/W2480859604","https://openalex.org/W2978487802","https://openalex.org/W3027057431","https://openalex.org/W4289728238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220926637","https://openalex.org/W2362681120","https://openalex.org/W2376320007","https://openalex.org/W4376643979","https://openalex.org/W2322402661","https://openalex.org/W2389079374","https://openalex.org/W4313886815","https://openalex.org/W2038183074","https://openalex.org/W2785359964","https://openalex.org/W2773722138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pedestrian":[0],"tracking":[1],"is":[2,14,121,137],"one":[3],"of":[4,118],"the":[5,67,129,134],"bases":[6],"for":[7],"many":[8],"ubiquitous":[9],"context-aware":[10],"services,":[11],"but":[12],"it":[13],"still":[15],"an":[16,72],"open":[17],"issue":[18],"in":[19,114,123],"indoor":[20],"environments":[21],"or":[22,56],"when":[23],"GPS":[24],"estimations":[25],"are":[26],"not":[27],"optimal.":[28],"In":[29,65],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"two":[34],"novel":[35],"different":[36],"data":[37],"fusion":[38,117],"algorithms":[39,68],"to":[40,98,109,133],"track":[41],"a":[42,78,124,140],"pedestrian":[43],"using":[44],"current":[45],"positioning":[46,100],"technologies":[47],"(i.e.,":[48],"GPS,":[49],"received":[50],"signal":[51],"strength":[52],"localization":[53],"from":[54],"Wi-Fi":[55],"Bluetooth":[57],"networks,":[58],"etc.)":[59],"and":[60,77,146],"low":[61],"cost":[62,106],"inertial":[63],"sensors.":[64],"particular,":[66],"rely,":[69],"respectively,":[70],"on":[71],"extended":[73],"Kalman":[74,81],"filter":[75,82],"(EKF)":[76],"simplified":[79],"complementary":[80],"(KF).":[83],"Both":[84],"approaches":[85],"have":[86],"been":[87],"tested":[88],"with":[89,96,102,107],"real":[90],"data,":[91,101],"showing":[92],"clear":[93],"accuracy":[94],"improvement":[95],"respect":[97,108],"raw":[99],"much":[103],"reduced":[104],"computational":[105],"previous":[110],"high":[111],"performance":[112],"solutions":[113],"literature.":[115],"The":[116],"both":[119,144],"inputs":[120],"done":[122],"loosely":[125],"coupled":[126],"way,":[127],"so":[128],"system":[130],"can":[131],"adapt":[132],"infrastructure":[135],"that":[136],"available":[138],"at":[139],"specific":[141],"moment,":[142],"delivering":[143],"outdoors":[145],"indoors":[147],"solutions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}