{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2052527555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/691898","title":"Identification of Wheat Varieties with a Parallel-Plate Capacitance Sensor Using Fisher\u2019s Linear Discriminant Analysis","display_name":"Identification of Wheat Varieties with a Parallel-Plate Capacitance Sensor Using Fisher\u2019s Linear Discriminant Analysis","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2052527555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/691898","mag":"2052527555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/691898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/691898","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2014/691898.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2014/691898.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063264242","display_name":"C. V. K. Kandala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. V. K. Kandala","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Department of Agriculture, Dawson, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Department of Agriculture, Dawson, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055450645","display_name":"K. N. Govindarajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. N. Govindarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bio-Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bio-Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029594894","display_name":"Naveen Puppala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-1345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10052268","display_name":"New Mexico State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hpz7z43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Puppala","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico State University, Clovis, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10052268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073314530","display_name":"Vijaya Saradhi Settaluri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-4932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Settaluri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. S. Reddy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. S. Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biotechnology, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biotechnology, K.L. University, Vaddeswaram, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063264242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08640913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12795","display_name":"Banana Cultivation and Research","score":0.9538000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.556390643119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5442523956298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5158314108848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4001641273498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3040239214897156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.556390643119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5442523956298828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5158314108848572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4001641273498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3040239214897156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/691898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/691898","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2014/691898.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:biosysengfacpub-1628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosysengfacpub/623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306513441","display_name":"Insecta mundi","issn_l":"0749-6737","issn":["0749-6737","1942-1354","1942-1362"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316217","host_organization_name":"Center for Systematic Entomology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316217"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Center for Systematic Entomology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ade7f48734446a382a33f52d3835f8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ade7f48734446a382a33f52d3835f8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2014 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4af97690df9409eb0ac9bbf5835e62b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4af97690df9409eb0ac9bbf5835e62b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors, Vol 2014 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/691898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/691898","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2014/691898.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96783963","display_name":"Journal of Sensors","issn_l":"1687-725X","issn":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052527555.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2052527555.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984391442","https://openalex.org/W1994883703","https://openalex.org/W2007104720","https://openalex.org/W2007459986","https://openalex.org/W2010498866","https://openalex.org/W2112440119","https://openalex.org/W2163591648","https://openalex.org/W2491856009","https://openalex.org/W2506057944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3002504458","https://openalex.org/W2353567328","https://openalex.org/W2339674921","https://openalex.org/W2891847116","https://openalex.org/W2380927352","https://openalex.org/W2350891938","https://openalex.org/W303980170","https://openalex.org/W2351491280","https://openalex.org/W1968332688","https://openalex.org/W2114482569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fisher\u2019s":[0],"linear":[1],"discriminant":[2],"(FLD)":[3],"models":[4,18],"for":[5,104],"wheat":[6,41,61,81,90],"variety":[7],"classification":[8],"were":[9,19,63],"developed":[10,78],"and":[11,29,69,98,100,107],"validated.":[12],"The":[13,75],"inputs":[14],"to":[15],"the":[16,20,48,60,80,88,105,108],"FLD":[17,49],"capacitance":[21,57],"(<mml:math":[22,26,32],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[23,27,33,51,53,71],"id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>),":[24],"impedance":[25,67],"id=\"M2\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>),":[28],"phase":[30],"angle":[31],"id=\"M3\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b8</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>),":[34],"measured":[35,64],"at":[36],"two":[37],"frequencies.":[38],"Classification":[39],"of":[40,47,85],"varieties":[42,91],"was":[43,73],"obtained":[44],"as":[45],"output":[46],"models.<mml:math":[50],"id=\"M4\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math":[52],"id=\"M5\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>\u03b8</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>of":[54],"a":[55],"parallel-plate":[56],"system,":[58],"holding":[59],"samples,":[62],"using":[65],"an":[66],"meter,":[68],"the<mml:math":[70],"id=\"M6\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>value":[72],"computed.":[74],"best":[76],"model":[77],"classified":[79],"varieties,":[82],"with":[83],"accuracy":[84],"95.4%,":[86],"over":[87],"six":[89],"tested.":[92],"This":[93],"method":[94],"is":[95],"simple,":[96],"rapid,":[97],"nondestructive":[99],"would":[101],"be":[102],"useful":[103],"breeders":[106],"peanut":[109],"industry.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
