{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2066525939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/536370","title":"Government Preference and the Optimal Choice of R&D Subsidy Policy: Innovation Subsidy or Product Subsidy?","display_name":"Government Preference and the Optimal Choice of R&D Subsidy Policy: Innovation Subsidy or Product Subsidy?","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2066525939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/536370","mag":"2066525939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/536370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/536370","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2014/536370.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2014/536370.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067621237","display_name":"Yong\u2010cong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-1693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129658","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad74s15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114218197","https://openalex.org/I4210129658"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongcong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-1693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210129658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067621237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400","https://openalex.org/I4210129658"],"apc_list":{"value":1130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1130},"apc_paid":{"value":1130,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1130},"fwci":1.9182,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90870601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.935699999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidy","display_name":"Subsidy","score":0.9776829481124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.7240670919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5963337421417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5957257151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.5759655833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare","display_name":"Welfare","score":0.5523185133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4998781681060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-economics","display_name":"Public economics","score":0.3545806109905243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09985437989234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-economy","display_name":"Market economy","score":0.07625433802604675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.9776829481124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.7240670919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5963337421417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5957257151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5759655833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5523185133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4998781681060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3545806109905243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09985437989234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.07625433802604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/536370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/536370","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2014/536370.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CULeuclid:euclid.jam/1412177646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jam/1412177646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400787","display_name":"Project Euclid (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0dd1e035f482484785fbd3ae26ba9f9c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0dd1e035f482484785fbd3ae26ba9f9c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics, Vol 2014 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/536370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/536370","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jam/2014/536370.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190082376","display_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","issn_l":"1110-757X","issn":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066525939.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2066525939.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116661317","https://openalex.org/W1547731525","https://openalex.org/W1768714312","https://openalex.org/W2004595064","https://openalex.org/W2039686972","https://openalex.org/W2055062778","https://openalex.org/W2146560918","https://openalex.org/W2150038578","https://openalex.org/W2150337033","https://openalex.org/W2232614934","https://openalex.org/W3121825423","https://openalex.org/W3124341533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276539358","https://openalex.org/W4309036932","https://openalex.org/W3083505014","https://openalex.org/W2099588657","https://openalex.org/W1484657374","https://openalex.org/W246549337","https://openalex.org/W1502905662","https://openalex.org/W3121531574","https://openalex.org/W2050946006","https://openalex.org/W3122591485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Taking":[0],"government":[1],"preference":[2,26,56],"into":[3],"consideration,":[4],"we":[5],"consider":[6],"a":[7],"three-stage":[8],"game":[9],"model":[10],"to":[11,27,31,60],"compare":[12],"the":[13,46,49,54,61,77,81,87,100],"differences":[14],"of":[15,57,63,80],"innovation":[16,71],"subsidy":[17,33,67,72],"and":[18,94],"product":[19,66],"subsidy.":[20],"The":[21],"findings":[22],"reveal":[23],"that":[24],"stronger":[25],"consumers\u2019":[28],"welfare":[29],"leads":[30],"higher":[32],"rates,":[34],"which":[35],"benefit":[36],"not":[37],"only":[38],"consumers":[39],"but":[40],"also":[41],"firms.":[42],"To":[43],"choose":[44],"between":[45],"two":[47],"subsidies,":[48],"optimal":[50],"choice":[51],"varies":[52],"with":[53],"changing":[55],"policymakers.":[58],"According":[59],"results":[62],"numerical":[64],"simulation,":[65],"is":[68,84],"better":[69],"than":[70,86],"in":[73],"most":[74],"cases,":[75],"while":[76],"government\u2019s":[78],"expenditure":[79],"former":[82],"one":[83],"larger":[85],"latter":[88],"one.":[89],"Moreover,":[90],"subsidizing":[91],"firms":[92],"symmetrically":[93],"asymmetrically":[95],"has":[96],"different":[97],"effects":[98],"on":[99],"consequences.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}