{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011947421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/514291","title":"The Spatial Distribution of Precipitation in Northwest China","display_name":"The Spatial Distribution of Precipitation in Northwest China","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011947421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/514291","mag":"2011947421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/514291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/514291","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2014/514291.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2014/514291.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075281666","display_name":"Chuancheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-0506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140336","display_name":"Lanzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cd4ja39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuancheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China","State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101994888","display_name":"Shuxia Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-6859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140336","display_name":"Lanzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cd4ja39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuxia Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361776","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-8663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140336","display_name":"Lanzhou City University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cd4ja39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370424","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-7861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101994888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140336","https://openalex.org/I6469544"],"apc_list":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"apc_paid":{"value":925,"currency":"USD","value_usd":925},"fwci":0.4352,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67576005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.8598400354385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.6661893129348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.631966769695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5890121459960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.5871145725250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5659536123275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.526130199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4392321705818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.4302583932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonality","display_name":"Seasonality","score":0.420849472284317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.40452077984809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.35564112663269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16030067205429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.12822547554969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.0944434106349945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06871950626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.04711255431175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.04304414987564087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.8598400354385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.6661893129348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.631966769695282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5890121459960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.5871145725250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5659536123275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.526130199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4392321705818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.4302583932876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.420849472284317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.40452077984809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35564112663269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16030067205429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.12822547554969788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0944434106349945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06871950626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.04711255431175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.04304414987564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/514291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/514291","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2014/514291.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f710e838ab834510ae987b5985b2f414","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f710e838ab834510ae987b5985b2f414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol 2014 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/514291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/514291","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2014/514291.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174662166","display_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","issn_l":"2090-0147","issn":["2090-0147","2090-0155"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1092971369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013CBA01806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1375876599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZCU-BS2013-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1727083775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZCUBS2013-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3697783100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013CBA01806","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4315624722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31300388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5103513974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLCS 2012-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5688340044","display_name":"\u5929\u5c71\u6258\u6728\u5c14\u5cf0\u5357\u5761\u79d1\u5176\u5580\u5c14\u5c71\u533a\u964d\u6c34\u89c2\u6d4b\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41361013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8512364593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LZCU-BS2013-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318657","display_name":"Lanzhou City University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2011947421.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2011947421.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522296012","https://openalex.org/W1963698102","https://openalex.org/W1990151882","https://openalex.org/W2003602746","https://openalex.org/W2007227090","https://openalex.org/W2011876818","https://openalex.org/W2046369541","https://openalex.org/W2053997932","https://openalex.org/W2055312329","https://openalex.org/W2072630911","https://openalex.org/W2092872825","https://openalex.org/W2099270539","https://openalex.org/W2116413045","https://openalex.org/W2137595065","https://openalex.org/W2318680928","https://openalex.org/W2323834113","https://openalex.org/W2372608019","https://openalex.org/W2409268775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364012965","https://openalex.org/W2768393993","https://openalex.org/W2393428874","https://openalex.org/W2389564432","https://openalex.org/W2072143132","https://openalex.org/W3133998351","https://openalex.org/W2083002118","https://openalex.org/W2369259517","https://openalex.org/W2374724699","https://openalex.org/W2385562740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Northwestern":[0],"China":[1],"has":[2],"an":[3],"extremely":[4],"complex":[5,61],"climate":[6,15,27],"due":[7],"to":[8,22,34,49,124],"the":[9,18,31,52,54,79,84,94,102,107,117,125],"varied":[10],"terrain":[11],"and":[12,25,43,71,81,91,114],"complexities":[13],"of":[14,37,68],"change":[16,126],"where":[17],"environment":[19],"is":[20,96,119],"sensitive":[21],"both":[23],"regional":[24],"global":[26],"change.":[28],"We":[29],"employed":[30],"Mann-Kendal":[32],"test":[33],"investigate":[35],"trends":[36,67],"precipitation":[38,57,73],"distributions":[39],"using":[40],"annual,":[41,69],"seasonal,":[42,70],"monthly":[44,72],"data":[45],"records":[46],"from":[47],"1960":[48],"2008.":[50],"On":[51],"whole,":[53],"variations":[55],"in":[56,88,106,111,128],"patterns":[58],"are":[59],"more":[60],"than":[62],"those":[63],"for":[64],"temperature.":[65],"The":[66],"have":[74],"shown":[75],"remarkable":[76,121],"differences":[77],"between":[78],"east":[80,108],"west.":[82],"In":[83],"west":[85],"such":[86,109],"as":[87,110],"northern":[89],"Xinjiang":[90],"western":[92],"Qinghai,":[93],"variation":[95,118],"a":[97,120],"significant":[98],"increase,":[99],"consistent":[100],"with":[101],"temperature":[103],"change,":[104],"whereas":[105],"eastern":[112],"Gansu,":[113],"southern":[115],"Shaanxi,":[116],"decrease,":[122],"opposite":[123],"observed":[127],"temperatures.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}