{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044946828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/502942","title":"FPGA-Based Implementation of All-Digital QPSK Carrier Recovery Loop Combining Costas Loop and Maximum Likelihood Frequency Estimator","display_name":"FPGA-Based Implementation of All-Digital QPSK Carrier Recovery Loop Combining Costas Loop and Maximum Likelihood Frequency Estimator","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044946828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/502942","mag":"2044946828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/502942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/502942","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2014/502942.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194867674","display_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","issn_l":"1687-7195","issn":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2014/502942.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626236","display_name":"Kaiyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026412352","display_name":"Zhiming Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-1202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084104675","display_name":"Xianwei Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7333-6072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianwei Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024368076","display_name":"Qingxin Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6486-2262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingxin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112012766","display_name":"Zhenan Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian Institute of Semiconductor Technology and School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112012766"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"apc_paid":{"value":900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":900},"fwci":1.0017035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78684315,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-recovery","display_name":"Carrier recovery","score":0.861600399017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modelsim","display_name":"ModelSim","score":0.8543466329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.74480140209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.7089138031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cordic","display_name":"CORDIC","score":0.6767222881317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.6505957841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.611122727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.593049168586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5016787052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.49161940813064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4850017726421356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.46065661311149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.4175024628639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35548752546310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.29988694190979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.2949067950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.20500695705413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vhdl","display_name":"VHDL","score":0.20289552211761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19666296243667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.18569380044937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.1778111457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16630113124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16250380873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11376595497131348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17877974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2375705","display_name":"Carrier recovery","level":4,"score":0.861600399017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3317826","display_name":"ModelSim","level":4,"score":0.8543466329574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.74480140209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.7089138031005859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.6767222881317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.6505957841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.611122727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.593049168586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5016787052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.49161940813064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4850017726421356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.46065661311149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.4175024628639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35548752546310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.29988694190979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2949067950248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.20500695705413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36941000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209455","display_name":"VHDL","level":3,"score":0.20289552211761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19666296243667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.18569380044937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.1778111457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16630113124847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16250380873680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11376595497131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/502942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/502942","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2014/502942.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194867674","display_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","issn_l":"1687-7195","issn":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:534cc03da90449219b47a5c016f473da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/534cc03da90449219b47a5c016f473da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing, Vol 2014 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/502942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/502942","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijrc/2014/502942.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194867674","display_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","issn_l":"1687-7195","issn":["1687-7195","1687-7209"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2044946828.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2044946828.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535749512","https://openalex.org/W1964744139","https://openalex.org/W2037508762","https://openalex.org/W2089100652","https://openalex.org/W2101580300","https://openalex.org/W2112992788","https://openalex.org/W2132639726","https://openalex.org/W2135088353","https://openalex.org/W2135992111","https://openalex.org/W2136511364","https://openalex.org/W2145562313","https://openalex.org/W2150633168","https://openalex.org/W2160510575","https://openalex.org/W2174306967"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379469996","https://openalex.org/W2387631519","https://openalex.org/W2375054524","https://openalex.org/W2352651595","https://openalex.org/W2373124540","https://openalex.org/W2388917287","https://openalex.org/W3080284048","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W2040739970","https://openalex.org/W2372295837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"efficient":[4],"all":[5,25],"digital":[6,26],"carrier":[7,22,54,67],"recovery":[8,23,55],"loop":[9,28],"(ADCRL)":[10],"for":[11,72,181],"quadrature":[12],"phase":[13,109,117],"shift":[14],"keying":[15],"(QPSK).":[16],"The":[17,111,142],"ADCRL":[18,157,184],"combines":[19],"classic":[20],"closed-loop":[21],"circuit,":[24],"Costas":[27],"(ADCOL),":[29],"with":[30,82],"frequency":[31,36,78,88,112],"feedward":[32],"loop,":[33],"maximum":[34],"likelihood":[35],"estimator":[37],"(MLFE)":[38],"so":[39],"as":[40],"to":[41,106,133,137,165],"make":[42],"the":[43,47,50,64,74,83,91,101,116,123,135,152,155,168,171,182],"best":[44],"use":[45],"of":[46,49,53,66,77,86,146,154,167],"advantages":[48],"two":[51],"types":[52],"loops":[56],"and":[57,130,140,148,161],"obtain":[58],"a":[59,174],"more":[60],"robust":[61],"performance":[62],"in":[63,158],"procedure":[65,177],"recovery.":[68],"Besides,":[69],"considering":[70],"that,":[71],"MLFE,":[73],"accurate":[75],"estimation":[76],"offset":[79,113],"is":[80,98,120,185],"associated":[81],"linear":[84],"characteristic":[85],"its":[87],"discriminator":[89],"(FD),":[90],"Coordinate":[92],"Rotation":[93],"Digital":[94],"Computer":[95],"(CORDIC)":[96],"algorithm":[97],"introduced":[99],"into":[100],"FD":[102],"based":[103,178],"on":[104,179],"MLFE":[105,124],"unwrap":[107],"linearly":[108],"difference.":[110],"contained":[114],"within":[115],"difference":[118],"unwrapped":[119],"estimated":[121],"by":[122],"implemented":[125],"just":[126],"using":[127],"some":[128],"shifter":[129],"multiply-accumulate":[131],"units":[132],"assist":[134],"ADCOL":[136],"lock":[138],"quickly":[139],"precisely.":[141],"joint":[143],"simulation":[144],"results":[145],"ModelSim":[147],"MATLAB":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151],"performances":[153],"proposed":[156,183],"locked-in":[159],"time":[160],"range":[162],"are":[163],"superior":[164],"those":[166],"ADCOL.":[169],"On":[170],"other":[172],"hand,":[173],"systematic":[175],"design":[176],"FPGA":[180],"also":[186],"presented.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}