{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981190494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/241647","title":"Potential Lung Nodules Identification for Characterization by Variable Multistep Threshold and Shape Indices from CT Images","display_name":"Potential Lung Nodules Identification for Characterization by Variable Multistep Threshold and Shape Indices from CT Images","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981190494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/241647","mag":"1981190494","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/241647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/241647","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2014/241647.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2014/241647.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113537576","display_name":"Saleem Iqbal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saleem Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077101503","display_name":"Khalid Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8877-7612"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002815889","display_name":"Fahim Arif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-8600"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["MCS, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-8600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MCS, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024744661","display_name":"Arslan Shaukat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-111X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arslan Shaukat","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025735479","display_name":"Aasia Khanum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-7637"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aasia Khanum","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEME, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113537576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":0.8874,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74819392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7008606195449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5849997401237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4651791751384735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung","display_name":"Lung","score":0.434179425239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-system","display_name":"Biological system","score":0.36853909492492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.360471248626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.3292609453201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.3257881999015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32072967290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30782073736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.297298789024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2831230163574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.23106324672698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.12782880663871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1043529212474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08690869808197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.06940126419067383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7008606195449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5849997401237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4651791751384735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.434179425239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.36853909492492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.360471248626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3292609453201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3257881999015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32072967290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30782073736190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.297298789024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2831230163574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23106324672698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12782880663871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1043529212474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08690869808197021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06940126419067383}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/241647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/241647","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2014/241647.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25506388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25506388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and mathematical methods in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3233623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4260430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a12e005df0d46a39c4ed2a27a3ef493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a12e005df0d46a39c4ed2a27a3ef493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol 2014 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2014/241647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/241647","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2014/241647.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36980176","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","issn_l":"1748-670X","issn":["1748-670X","1748-6718"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981190494.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1981190494.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568304908","https://openalex.org/W1594456000","https://openalex.org/W1972004195","https://openalex.org/W1974165720","https://openalex.org/W1991804665","https://openalex.org/W1992122542","https://openalex.org/W1997626261","https://openalex.org/W2008428440","https://openalex.org/W2012800796","https://openalex.org/W2015043700","https://openalex.org/W2035374697","https://openalex.org/W2037362135","https://openalex.org/W2041052158","https://openalex.org/W2041950120","https://openalex.org/W2054240058","https://openalex.org/W2054648089","https://openalex.org/W2068609255","https://openalex.org/W2071717081","https://openalex.org/W2072248589","https://openalex.org/W2103913463","https://openalex.org/W2109436873","https://openalex.org/W2109711012","https://openalex.org/W2111209861","https://openalex.org/W2114276475","https://openalex.org/W2122692815","https://openalex.org/W2126446504","https://openalex.org/W2140728937","https://openalex.org/W2146911148","https://openalex.org/W2158303110","https://openalex.org/W2161430726","https://openalex.org/W2163542801","https://openalex.org/W2167803594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107994849","https://openalex.org/W4247143848","https://openalex.org/W2009883749","https://openalex.org/W2735573198","https://openalex.org/W29442446","https://openalex.org/W330727063","https://openalex.org/W2896904446","https://openalex.org/W1483407203","https://openalex.org/W4206825956","https://openalex.org/W2905508610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computed":[0],"tomography":[1],"(CT)":[2],"is":[3,52,108],"an":[4,85],"important":[5],"imaging":[6],"modality.":[7],"Physicians,":[8],"surgeons,":[9],"and":[10,41,74,90,102,111,118,131,139,157,187],"oncologists":[11],"prefer":[12],"CT":[13,26,96,168],"scan":[14,97],"for":[15,34,36,54,88,98,153,161],"diagnosis":[16,30,43,58],"of":[17,38,44,49,59,76,92,105,113,136,147,170],"lung":[18,45,60,63,93,140],"cancer.":[19,46],"However,":[20],"some":[21],"nodules":[22,40,66,94,122,126,132],"are":[23,32,83,150,194],"missed":[24],"in":[25,133,142],"scan.":[27],"Computer":[28,56],"aided":[29,57],"methods":[31],"useful":[33],"radiologists":[35],"detection":[37,48,89,110,156],"these":[39],"early":[42],"Early":[47],"malignant":[50],"nodule":[51,155],"helpful":[53],"treatment.":[55],"cancer":[61],"involves":[62],"segmentation,":[64],"potential":[65,72],"identification,":[67],"features":[68,100],"extraction":[69,101],"from":[70,95],"the":[71,77,106,109,137,148,154],"nodules,":[73,116,121],"classification":[75],"nodules.":[78,191],"In":[79],"this":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82],"presenting":[84],"automatic":[86],"method":[87,149],"segmentation":[91,112],"subsequent":[99],"classification.":[103],"Contribution":[104],"work":[107],"small":[114],"sized":[115],"low":[117],"high":[119],"contrast":[120],"attached":[123,127],"with":[124],"vasculature,":[125],"to":[128],"pleura":[129],"membrane,":[130],"close":[134],"vicinity":[135],"diaphragm":[138],"wall":[141],"one-go.":[143],"The":[144,192],"particular":[145],"techniques":[146],"multistep":[151],"threshold":[152,160],"shape":[158],"index":[159],"false":[162],"positive":[163],"reduction.":[164],"We":[165],"used":[166],"60":[167],"scans":[169],"\"Lung":[171],"Image":[172],"Database":[173,175],"Consortium-Image":[174],"Resource":[176],"Initiative\"":[177],"taken":[178],"by":[179],"GE":[180],"medical":[181],"systems":[182],"LightSpeed16":[183],"scanner":[184],"as":[185],"dataset":[186],"correctly":[188],"detected":[189],"92%":[190],"results":[193],"reproducible.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}